वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-21, verse-19

अथैवमुक्तः शार्दूलो रावणेनोत्तमश्चरः ।
इदं वचनमारेभे वक्तुं रावणसंनिधौ ॥१९॥

19. athaivamuktaḥ śārdūlo rāvaṇenottamaścaraḥ ,
idaṃ vacanamārebhe vaktuṃ rāvaṇasaṃnidhau.

19. atha evam uktaḥ śārdūlaḥ rāvaṇena uttamaḥ caraḥ
idam vacanam ārabhe vaktum rāvaṇasaṃnidhau

19. Thereupon, Śārdūla, the excellent spy, thus addressed by Rāvaṇa, began to speak these words in Rāvaṇa's presence.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - now, then, thereupon

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken, said, addressed

• शार्दूलः (śārdūlaḥ) - Śārdūla (name)

• रावणेन (rāvaṇena) - by Rāvaṇa

• उत्तमः (uttamaḥ) - excellent, chief, supreme

• चरः (caraḥ) - spy, messenger

• इदम् (idam) - this

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, statement

• आरभे (ārabhe) - began, undertook

• वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak, to say

• रावणसंनिधौ (rāvaṇasaṁnidhau) - in the presence of Rāvaṇa

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - now, then, thereupon

(indeclinable)

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken, said, addressed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, told, addressed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √vac (to speak, say)

Root: vac (class 2)

शार्दूलः (śārdūlaḥ) - Śārdūla (name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śārdūla

śārdūla - a tiger; a distinguished person; name of a character

रावणेन (rāvaṇena) - by Rāvaṇa

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Rāvaṇa (the king of Laṅkā)

उत्तमः (uttamaḥ) - excellent, chief, supreme

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uttama

uttama - highest, best, excellent, chief, supreme

Superlative of ud (up) + tama

चरः (caraḥ) - spy, messenger

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of cara

cara - going, moving; a spy, scout, messenger

Derived from root √car (to move, wander)

Root: car (class 1)

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, here

Note: Demonstrative pronoun

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speaking, saying, word, speech, statement

Derived from root √vac (to speak, say)

Root: vac (class 2)

आरभे (ārabhe) - began, undertook

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past aorist (luṅ) of ā-rabh

aorist

3rd person singular middle aorist of √rabh with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: rabh (class 1)

वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak, to say

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Infinitive of root √vac (to speak, say)

Root: vac (class 2)

रावणसंनिधौ (rāvaṇasaṁnidhau) - in the presence of Rāvaṇa

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇasaṃnidhi

rāvaṇasaṁnidhi - Rāvaṇa's presence

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (rāvaṇa+saṃnidhi)

• rāvaṇa – Rāvaṇa
  proper noun (masculine)
• saṃnidhi – nearness, proximity, presence
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root √dhā (to place) with prefixes sam + ni
  Prefixes: sam+ni
  Root: dhā (class 3)