वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-21, verse-30

पुत्रो दशरथस्यैष सिंहसंहननो युवा ।
दूषणो निहतो येन खरश्च त्रिशिरास्तथा ॥३०॥

30. putro daśarathasyaiṣa siṃhasaṃhanano yuvā ,
dūṣaṇo nihato yena kharaśca triśirāstathā.

30. putraḥ daśarathasya eṣaḥ siṃhasaṃhananaḥ yuvā
dūṣaṇaḥ nihataḥ yena kharaḥ ca triśirāḥ tathā

30. eṣaḥ daśarathasya putraḥ siṃhasaṃhananaḥ yuvā
yena dūṣaṇaḥ kharaḥ ca tathā triśirāḥ nihataḥ

30. This is the young son of Daśaratha, who has a lion-like build, and by whom Dūṣaṇa, Khara, and Triśiras were killed.

Words meanings summery:

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

• दशरथस्य (daśarathasya) - of Daśaratha

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (one)

• सिंहसंहननः (siṁhasaṁhananaḥ) - having a lion-like build/physique

• युवा (yuvā) - young

• दूषणः (dūṣaṇaḥ) - Dūṣaṇa

• निहतः (nihataḥ) - killed, slain

• येन (yena) - by whom

• खरः (kharaḥ) - Khara

• च (ca) - and

• त्रिशिराः (triśirāḥ) - Triśiras

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, also, similarly

Words meanings and morphology

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is'

दशरथस्य (daśarathasya) - of Daśaratha

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of daśaratha

daśaratha - Daśaratha (father of Rāma)

Note: Possessive case, qualifying `putraḥ`

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etas

etas - this

Note: Refers to Rāma

सिंहसंहननः (siṁhasaṁhananaḥ) - having a lion-like build/physique

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of siṃhasaṃhanana

siṁhasaṁhanana - having a body built like a lion, strong-bodied

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (siṃha+saṃhanana)

• siṃha – lion
  noun (masculine)
• saṃhanana – compactness, build, physique
  noun (neuter)
  action noun
  Derived from root `han` (to strike) with `sam-` prefix
  Prefix: sam
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with `putraḥ`

युवा (yuvā) - young

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yuvan

yuvan - young, youthful

Note: Agrees with `putraḥ`

दूषणः (dūṣaṇaḥ) - Dūṣaṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dūṣaṇa

dūṣaṇa - Dūṣaṇa (a rākṣasa, brother of Khara)

Note: Subject of the passive verb `nihataḥ`

निहतः (nihataḥ) - killed, slain

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - killed, struck down, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Root `han` (to strike, kill) with prefix `ni`

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Forms a passive construction with `yena`

येन (yena) - by whom

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yat

yat - who, which, what

Note: Agent in the passive construction (by whom Dūṣaṇa was killed)

खरः (kharaḥ) - Khara

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of khara

khara - Khara (a rākṣasa, brother of Dūṣaṇa)

Note: Co-subject with Dūṣaṇa of the passive verb `nihataḥ`

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects Khara and Triśiras

त्रिशिराः (triśirāḥ) - Triśiras

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of triśiras

triśiras - Triśiras (a rākṣasa, 'three-headed')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tri+śiras)

• tri – three
  numeral
• śiras – head
  noun (neuter)

Note: Co-subject with Dūṣaṇa and Khara of the passive verb `nihataḥ`

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, also, similarly

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the third name, 'as well as'