वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-20, verse-7

आचार्या गुरवो वृद्धा वृथा वां पर्युपासिताः ।
सारं यद् राजशास्त्राणामनुजीव्यं न गृह्यते ॥७॥

7. ācāryā guravo vṛddhā vṛthā vāṃ paryupāsitāḥ ,
sāraṃ yad rājaśāstrāṇāmanujīvyaṃ na gṛhyate.

7. ācāryāḥ guravaḥ vṛddhāḥ vṛthā vām paryupāsitāḥ
sāram yat rājaśāstrāṇām anujīvyaṃ na gṛhyate

7. vām ācāryāḥ guravaḥ vṛddhāḥ vṛthā paryupāsitāḥ,
yat rājaśāstrāṇām sāram anujīvyaṃ na gṛhyate

7. Your teachers, preceptors, and elders have been attended upon by you two in vain, for the essence of political sciences, which ought to be practiced, is not understood by you.

Words meanings summery:

• आचार्याः (ācāryāḥ) - teachers, spiritual guides

• गुरवः (guravaḥ) - preceptors, heavy ones, respected ones

• वृद्धाः (vṛddhāḥ) - elders, old people, grown up

• वृथा (vṛthā) - in vain, uselessly, wrongly

• वाम् (vām) - by you two, to you two, your

• पर्युपासिताः (paryupāsitāḥ) - attended upon, served, revered

• सारम् (sāram) - essence, core, strength

• यत् (yat) - which, that which

• राजशास्त्राणाम् (rājaśāstrāṇām) - of political sciences, of royal treatises

• अनुजीव्यं (anujīvyaṁ) - to be practiced, to be lived by, to be observed

• न (na) - not, no

• गृह्यते (gṛhyate) - is grasped, is understood, is taken

Words meanings and morphology

आचार्याः (ācāryāḥ) - teachers, spiritual guides

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ācārya

ācārya - teacher, preceptor, instructor

from ā-car (to behave, practice)

Prefix: ā

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Subjects of the implied passive action 'paryupāsitāḥ'.

गुरवः (guravaḥ) - preceptors, heavy ones, respected ones

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of guru

guru - teacher, preceptor, respected person, heavy, important

Note: Subjects of the implied passive action 'paryupāsitāḥ'.

वृद्धाः (vṛddhāḥ) - elders, old people, grown up

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, augmented, elder

Past Passive Participle

from √vṛdh (to grow, increase)

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'ācāryāḥ' and 'guravaḥ' or acts as a noun.

वृथा (vṛthā) - in vain, uselessly, wrongly

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies 'paryupāsitāḥ'.

वाम् (vām) - by you two, to you two, your

(pronoun)

Instrumental, dual of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (plural)

Note: Agent in the passive construction (by you two).

पर्युपासिताः (paryupāsitāḥ) - attended upon, served, revered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of paryupāsita

paryupāsita - attended upon, served, worshipped

Past Passive Participle

from pari-upa-ās (to sit near, attend, serve)

Prefixes: pari+upa

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: Refers to 'ācāryāḥ', 'guravaḥ', 'vṛddhāḥ'.

सारम् (sāram) - essence, core, strength

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sāra

sāra - essence, core, gist, strength, best part

Note: Subject of the verb 'gṛhyate'.

यत् (yat) - which, that which

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, that, what

Note: Relative pronoun introducing the clause 'that which... is not understood'.

राजशास्त्राणाम् (rājaśāstrāṇām) - of political sciences, of royal treatises

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of rājaśāstra

rājaśāstra - science of kings, political science, royal treatise

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+śāstra)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• śāstra – treatise, scripture, science, rule
  noun (neuter)
  from √śās (to teach, instruct)
  Root: śās (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'sāram'.

अनुजीव्यं (anujīvyaṁ) - to be practiced, to be lived by, to be observed

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anujīvya

anujīvya - to be lived according to, to be practiced, to be observed

Gerundive

Gerundive from anu-jīv (to live according to, to follow)

Prefix: anu

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'sāram'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'gṛhyate'.

गृह्यते (gṛhyate) - is grasped, is understood, is taken

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of grah

Root: grah (class 9)