वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-20, verse-4

अधोमुखौ तौ प्रणतावब्रवीच्छुकसारणौ ।
रोषगद्गदया वाचा संरब्धः परुषं वचः ॥४॥

4. adhomukhau tau praṇatāvabravīcchukasāraṇau ,
roṣagadgadayā vācā saṃrabdhaḥ paruṣaṃ vacaḥ.

4. adhomukhau tau praṇatau abravīt śukasāraṇau
roṣagadgadāyā vācā saṃrabdhaḥ paruṣaṃ vacaḥ

4. saṃrabdhaḥ roṣagadgadāyā vācā adhomukhau
praṇatau tau śukasāraṇau paruṣaṃ vacaḥ abravīt

4. He, enraged, spoke harsh words with a voice choked with fury to Shuka and Saraṇa, who were bowed with downcast faces.

Words meanings summery:

• अधोमुखौ (adhomukhau) - with faces down, downward-faced

• तौ (tau) - those two

• प्रणतौ (praṇatau) - bowed, saluting, humble

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

• शुकसारणौ (śukasāraṇau) - Shuka and Saraṇa

• रोषगद्गदाया (roṣagadgadāyā) - by a voice choked with rage, with a furious, stammering voice

• वाचा (vācā) - by speech, with a voice

• संरब्धः (saṁrabdhaḥ) - enraged, furious, agitated

• परुषं (paruṣaṁ) - harsh, rough, cruel

• वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech

Words meanings and morphology

अधोमुखौ (adhomukhau) - with faces down, downward-faced

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, dual of adhomukha

adhomukha - downward-faced, with face cast down

Compound type : bahuvrihi (adhas+mukha)

• adhas – down, below, downward
  indeclinable
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'tau śukasāraṇau'.

तौ (tau) - those two

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to Shuka and Saraṇa.

प्रणतौ (praṇatau) - bowed, saluting, humble

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, dual of praṇata

praṇata - bowed down, prostrated, humble

Past Passive Participle

from pra-nam (to bow)

Prefix: pra

Root: nam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tau śukasāraṇau'.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

शुकसारणौ (śukasāraṇau) - Shuka and Saraṇa

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of śukasāraṇa

śukasāraṇa - Shuka and Saraṇa (proper names)

Compound type : dvandva (śuka+sāraṇa)

• śuka – Shuka (a proper name, also a parrot)
  proper noun (masculine)
• sāraṇa – Saraṇa (a proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Object of the verb 'abravīt'.

रोषगद्गदाया (roṣagadgadāyā) - by a voice choked with rage, with a furious, stammering voice

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of roṣagadgadā

roṣagadgadā - choked with rage (voice), stammering with anger

Compound type : tatpurusha (roṣa+gadgadā)

• roṣa – anger, rage, wrath
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ruṣ (class 4)
• gadgadā – stammering, faltering (voice)
  adjective (feminine)

Note: Qualifies 'vācā'.

वाचा (vācā) - by speech, with a voice

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of vāc

vāc - speech, voice, word

Note: Instrument of speaking.

संरब्धः (saṁrabdhaḥ) - enraged, furious, agitated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃrabdha

saṁrabdha - enraged, agitated, furious, swollen

Past Passive Participle

from sam-rabh (to seize, be agitated)

Prefix: sam

Root: rabh (class 1)

Note: Refers to the implicit speaker (e.g., Ravana).

परुषं (paruṣaṁ) - harsh, rough, cruel

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of paruṣa

paruṣa - harsh, rough, cruel, unkind

Note: Qualifies 'vacaḥ'.

वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, utterance

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Direct object of 'abravīt'.