वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-20, verse-5

न तावत् सदृशं नाम सचिवैरुपजीविभिः ।
विप्रियं नृपतेर्वक्तुं निग्रहप्रग्रहे विभोः ॥५॥

5. na tāvat sadṛśaṃ nāma sacivairupajīvibhiḥ ,
vipriyaṃ nṛpatervaktuṃ nigrahapragrahe vibhoḥ.

5. na tāvat sadṛśaṃ nāma sacivaiḥ upajīvibhiḥ
vipriyaṃ nṛpateḥ vaktuṃ nigrahapragrahe vibhoḥ

5. nāma tāvat na sadṛśaṃ sacivaiḥ upajīvibhiḥ
nṛpateḥ vibhoḥ nigrahapragrahe vipriyaṃ vaktuṃ

5. Indeed, it is certainly not proper for ministers, who are dependent on the sovereign, to speak disagreeable words to the king concerning his power of restraint and favor.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• तावत् (tāvat) - so, indeed, surely, by so much

• सदृशं (sadṛśaṁ) - proper, appropriate, similar

• नाम (nāma) - indeed, certainly (particle), by name

• सचिवैः (sacivaiḥ) - by ministers

• उपजीविभिः (upajīvibhiḥ) - by those who are dependent, by those who live by/upon

• विप्रियं (vipriyaṁ) - disagreeable, unpleasant, hostile

• नृपतेः (nṛpateḥ) - of the king

• वक्तुं (vaktuṁ) - to speak

• निग्रहप्रग्रहे (nigrahapragrahe) - in matters of punishment and reward, in restraint and favor

• विभोः (vibhoḥ) - of the sovereign, of the powerful one, lord

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'sadṛśam'.

तावत् (tāvat) - so, indeed, surely, by so much

(indeclinable)

सदृशं (sadṛśaṁ) - proper, appropriate, similar

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sadṛśa

sadṛśa - like, similar, proper, fitting

from sa (together with) + dṛś (to see)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+dṛśa)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• dṛśa – seeing, appearance
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective for an implied 'it is'.

नाम (nāma) - indeed, certainly (particle), by name

(indeclinable)

सचिवैः (sacivaiḥ) - by ministers

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of saciva

saciva - minister, companion

Note: Agent of the action 'vaktum'.

उपजीविभिः (upajīvibhiḥ) - by those who are dependent, by those who live by/upon

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of upajīvin

upajīvin - dependent, living upon, subsisting by

from upa-jīv (to live upon, depend on)

Prefix: upa

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'sacivaiḥ'.

विप्रियं (vipriyaṁ) - disagreeable, unpleasant, hostile

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vipriya

vipriya - disagreeable, unpleasant, hostile, disliked

Note: Object of 'vaktum'. Can also be a noun meaning 'a disagreeable thing'.

नृपतेः (nṛpateḥ) - of the king

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nṛpati

nṛpati - king, lord of men

Note: Possessive, refers to whose 'vipriyaṃ' and 'nigrahapragrahe' are.

वक्तुं (vaktuṁ) - to speak

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive of root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

निग्रहप्रग्रहे (nigrahapragrahe) - in matters of punishment and reward, in restraint and favor

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of nigrahapragraha

nigrahapragraha - restraint and favor, punishment and reward

Compound type : dvandva (nigraha+pragraha)

• nigraha – restraint, suppression, punishment
  noun (masculine)
  from ni-grah (to seize, restrain)
  Prefix: ni
  Root: grah (class 9)
• pragraha – taking hold, favor, kindness, reward
  noun (masculine)
  from pra-grah (to seize, favor)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Indicates the subject matter.

विभोः (vibhoḥ) - of the sovereign, of the powerful one, lord

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vibhu

vibhu - all-pervading, powerful, lord, sovereign

Note: Refers to the king, often used for powerful rulers.