वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-20, verse-10

अप्येव दहनं स्पृष्ट्वा वने तिष्ठन्ति पादपाः ।
राजदोषपरामृष्टास्तिष्ठन्ते नापराधिनः ॥१०॥

10. apyeva dahanaṃ spṛṣṭvā vane tiṣṭhanti pādapāḥ ,
rājadoṣaparāmṛṣṭāstiṣṭhante nāparādhinaḥ.

10. api eva dahanam spṛṣṭvā vane tiṣṭhanti pādapāḥ
rājadoṣaparāmṛṣṭāḥ tiṣṭhante na aparādhinaḥ

10. pādapāḥ dahanam spṛṣṭvā api eva vane tiṣṭhanti
aparādhinaḥ rājadoṣaparāmṛṣṭāḥ na tiṣṭhante

10. Even after touching fire, trees stand in the forest. However, offenders, once afflicted by royal displeasure, do not endure.

Words meanings summery:

• अपि (api) - even (emphasizes the comparison) (also, even, moreover, besides)

• एव (eva) - (emphatic particle) (indeed, just, only, exactly)

• दहनम् (dahanam) - fire (fire, burning, combustion)

• स्पृष्ट्वा (spṛṣṭvā) - having touched, after being touched by (having touched, having come into contact with)

• वने (vane) - in the forest (in the forest, in a grove, in a wood)

• तिष्ठन्ति (tiṣṭhanti) - they stand firm, they endure (they stand, they remain, they abide, they exist)

• पादपाः (pādapāḥ) - trees (trees, plants)

• राजदोषपरामृष्टाः (rājadoṣaparāmṛṣṭāḥ) - afflicted by royal displeasure (afflicted by royal fault, defiled by royal offense, affected by the king's displeasure)

• तिष्ठन्ते (tiṣṭhante) - they endure, they remain (in power/life) (they stand for themselves, they remain, they endure)

• न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

• अपराधिनः (aparādhinaḥ) - offenders (offenders, culprits, wrongdoers)

Words meanings and morphology

अपि (api) - even (emphasizes the comparison) (also, even, moreover, besides)

(indeclinable)

Preposition or particle

एव (eva) - (emphatic particle) (indeed, just, only, exactly)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle

दहनम् (dahanam) - fire (fire, burning, combustion)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dahana

dahana - fire, burning, combustion

From √dah (to burn)

Root: dah (class 1)

Note: Object of 'spṛṣṭvā'.

स्पृष्ट्वा (spṛṣṭvā) - having touched, after being touched by (having touched, having come into contact with)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From √spṛś (to touch) with suffix -tvā

Root: spṛś (class 6)

Note: Refers to the action performed by the subject ('pādapāḥ').

वने (vane) - in the forest (in the forest, in a grove, in a wood)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

तिष्ठन्ति (tiṣṭhanti) - they stand firm, they endure (they stand, they remain, they abide, they exist)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of tiṣṭhanti

Present Active

Root √sthā (to stand), 3rd person plural, present tense, active voice

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'pādapāḥ'.

पादपाः (pādapāḥ) - trees (trees, plants)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pādapa

pādapa - tree, plant (lit. 'foot-drinker')

Compound: pāda (foot) + pa (drinker, from √pā - to drink)

Compound type : tatpurusha (pāda+pa)

• pāda – foot, root
  noun (masculine)
• pa – drinker, protector
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  From √pā (to drink)
  Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'tiṣṭhanti'.

राजदोषपरामृष्टाः (rājadoṣaparāmṛṣṭāḥ) - afflicted by royal displeasure (afflicted by royal fault, defiled by royal offense, affected by the king's displeasure)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājadoṣaparāmṛṣṭa

rājadoṣaparāmṛṣṭa - afflicted by royal fault, defiled by royal offense, affected by the king's displeasure

Compound adjective

Compound type : bahuvrihi (rājan+doṣa+parāmṛṣṭa)

• rājan – king, royal
  noun (masculine)
• doṣa – fault, defect, offense
  noun (masculine)
  From √duṣ (to be corrupt)
  Root: duṣ (class 4)
• parāmṛṣṭa – touched, affected, defiled
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √mṛś (to touch) with prefix parā-, suffix -ta
  Prefix: parā
  Root: mṛś (class 6)

Note: Agrees with 'aparādhinaḥ'.

तिष्ठन्ते (tiṣṭhante) - they endure, they remain (in power/life) (they stand for themselves, they remain, they endure)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of tiṣṭhante

Present Middle

Root √sthā (to stand), 3rd person plural, present tense, middle voice

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'aparādhinaḥ'.

न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to negate 'tiṣṭhante'.

अपराधिनः (aparādhinaḥ) - offenders (offenders, culprits, wrongdoers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of aparādhin

aparādhin - offender, culprit, wrongdoer

From 'aparādha' (offense) + suffix -in

Note: Subject of 'na tiṣṭhante'.