वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-20, verse-23

वानरैरर्दितास्ते तु विक्रान्तैर्लघुविक्रमैः ।
पुनर्लङ्कामनुप्राप्ताः श्वसन्तो नष्टचेतसः ॥२३॥

23. vānarairarditāste tu vikrāntairlaghuvikramaiḥ ,
punarlaṅkāmanuprāptāḥ śvasanto naṣṭacetasaḥ.

23. vānaraiḥ arditāḥ te tu vikrāntaiḥ laghuvikramaiḥ
punaḥ laṅkām anuprāptāḥ śvasantaḥ naṣṭacetasaḥ

23. te tu vikrāntaiḥ laghuvikramaiḥ vānaraiḥ arditāḥ
śvasantaḥ naṣṭacetasaḥ punaḥ laṅkām anuprāptāḥ

23. But those spies, harassed by the valiant and swift-moving vānaras, reached Laṅkā once more, panting and having lost their composure.

Words meanings summery:

• वानरैः (vānaraiḥ) - by the monkeys, by the vānaras

• अर्दिताः (arditāḥ) - the spies, having been harassed (tormented, afflicted, harassed)

• ते (te) - they (the spies) (those, they)

• तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

• विक्रान्तैः (vikrāntaiḥ) - by the valiant vānaras (by the valorous ones, by the mighty ones)

• लघुविक्रमैः (laghuvikramaiḥ) - by the vānaras swift in attack (by those with swift valor, by those swift in attack)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more, back

• लङ्काम् (laṅkām) - to Laṅkā

• अनुप्राप्ताः (anuprāptāḥ) - the spies, having reached Laṅkā (having reached, having arrived)

• श्वसन्तः (śvasantaḥ) - the spies, panting heavily (breathing heavily, panting)

• नष्टचेतसः (naṣṭacetasaḥ) - the spies, having lost their composure or senses (with lost minds, bewildered, unconscious)

Words meanings and morphology

वानरैः (vānaraiḥ) - by the monkeys, by the vānaras

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vānara

vānara - monkey, forest-dweller, a vānara (a race of powerful monkeys in the Rāmāyaṇa)

अर्दिताः (arditāḥ) - the spies, having been harassed (tormented, afflicted, harassed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ardita

ardita - tormented, afflicted, harassed, wounded

Past Passive Participle

formed from the root ard (to pain, hurt)

Root: ard (class 1)

ते (te) - they (the spies) (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it, they

तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

(indeclinable)

विक्रान्तैः (vikrāntaiḥ) - by the valiant vānaras (by the valorous ones, by the mighty ones)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vikrānta

vikrānta - valorous, mighty, brave, powerful

Past Passive Participle

formed from vi-√kram (to stride forth, be mighty)

Prefix: vi

Root: kram (class 1)

लघुविक्रमैः (laghuvikramaiḥ) - by the vānaras swift in attack (by those with swift valor, by those swift in attack)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of laghuvikrama

laghuvikrama - having swift valor, quick in attack, agile in action

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (laghu+vikrama)

• laghu – light, swift, quick, agile
  adjective (masculine)
• vikrama – valor, courage, mighty stride, power
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: kram (class 1)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more, back

(indeclinable)

लङ्काम् (laṅkām) - to Laṅkā

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of laṅkā

laṅkā - Laṅkā (the capital city of Rāvaṇa, traditionally identified with Sri Lanka)

अनुप्राप्ताः (anuprāptāḥ) - the spies, having reached Laṅkā (having reached, having arrived)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anuprāpta

anuprāpta - reached, arrived, obtained

Past Passive Participle

formed from anu-pra-√āp (to reach, obtain)

Prefixes: anu+pra

Root: āp (class 5)

श्वसन्तः (śvasantaḥ) - the spies, panting heavily (breathing heavily, panting)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śvasat

śvasat - breathing, panting, sighing

Present Active Participle

formed from the root śvas (to breathe, pant)

Root: śvas (class 2)

नष्टचेतसः (naṣṭacetasaḥ) - the spies, having lost their composure or senses (with lost minds, bewildered, unconscious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of naṣṭacetas

naṣṭacetas - having a lost mind, bewildered, unconscious, dispirited

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (naṣṭa+cetas)

• naṣṭa – lost, destroyed, perished
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  formed from the root naś (to perish, be lost)
  Root: naś (class 4)
• cetas – mind, consciousness, intellect, heart
  noun (neuter)