वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-20, verse-14

अब्रवीत् स दशग्रीवः समीपस्थं महोदरम् ।
उपस्थापय शीघ्रं मे चारान्नीतिविशारदान् ॥१४॥

14. abravīt sa daśagrīvaḥ samīpasthaṃ mahodaram ,
upasthāpaya śīghraṃ me cārānnītiviśāradān.

14. abravīt saḥ daśagrīvaḥ samīpasthaṃ mahodaram
| upasthāpaya śīghraṃ me cārān nītiviśāradān

14. That Daśagrīva (Rāvaṇa) said to Mahodara, who was standing nearby: 'Quickly summon for me the spies who are skilled in strategy (nīti).'

Words meanings summery:

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said (he said, he spoke)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Rāvaṇa) (he, that)

• दशग्रीवः (daśagrīvaḥ) - Daśagrīva (Rāvaṇa) (ten-necked (epithet of Rāvaṇa))

• समीपस्थं (samīpasthaṁ) - standing nearby (situated near, standing close by)

• महोदरम् (mahodaram) - Mahodara (Mahodara (name of a demon))

• उपस्थापय (upasthāpaya) - summon (make stand near, bring near, summon, present)

• शीघ्रं (śīghraṁ) - quickly (quickly, swiftly, rapidly)

• मे (me) - for me (to me, for me, my, of me)

• चारान् (cārān) - spies (spies, messengers, secret agents)

• नीतिविशारदान् (nītiviśāradān) - skilled in strategy (nīti) (skilled in policy, expert in statesmanship)

Words meanings and morphology

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect 3rd Person Singular Parasmaipada

from root √brū (to speak)

Root: brū (class 2)

सः (saḥ) - he (Rāvaṇa) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

nominative singular masculine of tad

दशग्रीवः (daśagrīvaḥ) - Daśagrīva (Rāvaṇa) (ten-necked (epithet of Rāvaṇa))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daśagrīva

daśagrīva - having ten necks (epithet of Rāvaṇa)

compound of daśa (ten) and grīvā (neck)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (daśa+grīvā)

• daśa – ten
  numeral
• grīvā – neck
  noun (feminine)

समीपस्थं (samīpasthaṁ) - standing nearby (situated near, standing close by)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samīpastha

samīpastha - standing near, situated close by, contiguous

compound of samīpa (proximity) and stha (standing)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (samīpa+stha)

• samīpa – near, proximity, vicinity
  indeclinable/noun (neuter)
• stha – standing, situated, being in
  adjective (masculine)
  from √sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

महोदरम् (mahodaram) - Mahodara (Mahodara (name of a demon))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahodara

mahodara - having a large belly; name of a Rākṣasa (demon)

compound of mahat (great) and udara (belly)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahat+udara)

• mahat – great, large, big
  adjective (neuter)
• udara – belly, abdomen
  noun (neuter)

उपस्थापय (upasthāpaya) - summon (make stand near, bring near, summon, present)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of upasthāpay

Imperative 2nd Person Singular Parasmaipada (causal)

Causal of upa + √sthā (to stand)

Prefix: upa

Root: sthā (class 1)

शीघ्रं (śīghraṁ) - quickly (quickly, swiftly, rapidly)

(indeclinable)

accusative singular neuter of śīghra, used as adverb.

Note: Acts as an adverb.

मे (me) - for me (to me, for me, my, of me)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

enclitic dative/genitive singular of asmad (I)

Note: Can also be genitive. Here Dative of purpose/benefit.

चारान् (cārān) - spies (spies, messengers, secret agents)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of cāra

cāra - a spy, secret agent, messenger; movement

from √car (to move, go)

Root: car (class 1)

नीतिविशारदान् (nītiviśāradān) - skilled in strategy (nīti) (skilled in policy, expert in statesmanship)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nītiviśārada

nītiviśārada - skilled in policy, expert in statesmanship/prudence

compound of nīti (policy) and viśārada (skilled)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nīti+viśārada)

• nīti – guidance, conduct, policy, prudence, strategy
  noun (feminine)
  from √nī (to lead, guide)
  Root: nī (class 1)
• viśārada – skilled, expert, clever, proficient
  adjective (masculine)
  from vi + śārad (autumnal, ripe, mature - hence skilled)
  Prefix: vi