वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-20, verse-16

तानब्रवीत्ततो वाक्यं रावणो राक्षसाधिपः ।
चारान्प्रत्ययिकाञ् शूरान्भक्तान् विगतसाध्वसान् ॥१६॥

16. tānabravīttato vākyaṃ rāvaṇo rākṣasādhipaḥ ,
cārānpratyayikāñ śūrānbhaktān vigatasādhvasān.

16. tān abravīt tataḥ vākyam rāvaṇaḥ rākṣasādhipaḥ
cārān pratyayikān śūrān bhaktān vigatāsādhvasān

16. rāvaṇaḥ rākṣasādhipaḥ tataḥ tān pratyayikān śūrān
bhaktān vigatāsādhvasān cārān vākyam abravīt

16. Then Rāvaṇa, the lord of the rākṣasas, addressed those trustworthy, brave, loyal, and fearless spies with these words.

Words meanings summery:

• तान् (tān) - those spies (them, those)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - (Rāvaṇa) spoke (he spoke, he said)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (after this) (then, thence, from that)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - these words (word, speech, sentence)

• रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Rāvaṇa (the king of Laṅkā) (Rāvaṇa)

• राक्षसाधिपः (rākṣasādhipaḥ) - the ruler of the rākṣasas (lord of rākṣasas, king of demons)

• चारान् (cārān) - his spies (spies, messengers)

• प्रत्ययिकान् (pratyayikān) - trustworthy (spies) (trustworthy, reliable, credible)

• शूरान् (śūrān) - brave (spies) (brave, heroic, valiant)

• भक्तान् (bhaktān) - loyal (spies) (loyal, devoted, faithful)

• विगतासाध्वसान् (vigatāsādhvasān) - (spies) who are without fear (fearless, free from fear)

Words meanings and morphology

तान् (tān) - those spies (them, those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

Note: Accusative plural of 'tad', masculine. Refers to the spies mentioned later.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - (Rāvaṇa) spoke (he spoke, he said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Root verb, Atmanepada, but uses Parasmaipada forms in Aorist.

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: 3rd person singular imperfect of the root √brū.

ततः (tataḥ) - then (after this) (then, thence, from that)

(indeclinable)

Note: Indeclinable adverb.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - these words (word, speech, sentence)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, word, sentence, saying

Derived from vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Accusative singular of neuter noun 'vākyam'. Object of 'abravīt'.

रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Rāvaṇa (the king of Laṅkā) (Rāvaṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Rāvaṇa (proper name of the demon king)

Note: Nominative singular, subject of 'abravīt'.

राक्षसाधिपः (rākṣasādhipaḥ) - the ruler of the rākṣasas (lord of rākṣasas, king of demons)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rākṣasādhipa

rākṣasādhipa - lord of rākṣasas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rākṣasa+adhipa)

• rākṣasa – demon, rākṣasa
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – lord, ruler, king
  noun (masculine)

Note: Nominative singular, apposition to Rāvaṇa.

चारान् (cārān) - his spies (spies, messengers)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of cāra

cāra - spy, secret agent, messenger

From √car (to move, go)

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Accusative plural, object of 'abravīt' (indirectly, as they are being addressed).

प्रत्ययिकान् (pratyayikān) - trustworthy (spies) (trustworthy, reliable, credible)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pratyayika

pratyayika - trustworthy, reliable, credible, confidential

Derived from pratyaya (trust, belief)

Prefix: prati

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Accusative plural masculine, modifying 'cārān'.

शूरान् (śūrān) - brave (spies) (brave, heroic, valiant)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śūra

śūra - brave, valiant, heroic

Note: Accusative plural masculine, modifying 'cārān'.

भक्तान् (bhaktān) - loyal (spies) (loyal, devoted, faithful)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bhakta

bhakta - devoted, loyal, faithful; a devotee

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of √bhaj (to divide, partake, worship, serve)

Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Accusative plural masculine, modifying 'cārān'.

विगतासाध्वसान् (vigatāsādhvasān) - (spies) who are without fear (fearless, free from fear)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vigatāsādhvasa

vigatāsādhvasa - free from fear, fearless, intrepid

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vigata+sādhvasa)

• vigata – departed, gone, removed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of √gam with vi- (to go away)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: gam (class 1)
• sādhvasa – fear, terror, apprehension
  noun (neuter)

Note: Accusative plural masculine, modifying 'cārān'.