वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-12, verse-9

सुदुष्टो वाप्यदुष्टो वा किमेष रजनीचरः ।
सूक्ष्ममप्यहितं कर्तुं ममाशक्तः कथं चन ॥९॥

9. suduṣṭo vāpyaduṣṭo vā kimeṣa rajanīcaraḥ ,
sūkṣmamapyahitaṃ kartuṃ mamāśaktaḥ kathaṃ cana.

9. suduṣṭaḥ vā api aduṣṭaḥ vā kim eṣaḥ rajānīcaraḥ
sūkṣmam api ahitam kartum mama aśaktaḥ kathaṃ cana

9. Whether this night-wanderer (rākṣasa) is very wicked or not wicked, he is certainly incapable of inflicting even the slightest harm upon me.

Words meanings summery:

• सुदुष्टः (suduṣṭaḥ) - very wicked (referring to the night-wanderer) (very wicked, very bad, corrupted)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• अपि (api) - even (if) (even, also, too, whether)

• अदुष्टः (aduṣṭaḥ) - not wicked (referring to the night-wanderer) (not wicked, not corrupted, virtuous)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• किम् (kim) - whether (as an interrogative particle introducing a choice) (what? why? whether)

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (night-wanderer) (this, he)

• रजानीचरः (rajānīcaraḥ) - this night-wanderer (rākṣasa) (night-wanderer, demon, rākṣasa)

• सूक्ष्मम् (sūkṣmam) - the slightest (harm) (subtle, minute, tiny, slight)

• अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

• अहितम् (ahitam) - harm (harm, injury, evil, disadvantage)

• कर्तुम् (kartum) - to inflict (harm) (to do, to make, to perform)

• मम (mama) - upon me (my, to me)

• अशक्तः (aśaktaḥ) - incapable (of inflicting harm) (incapable, unable, powerless)

• कथं (kathaṁ) - how (introducing a rhetorical question implying negation) (how, in what manner, why)

• चन (cana) - in any way whatsoever (with negation) (ever, any)

Words meanings and morphology

सुदुष्टः (suduṣṭaḥ) - very wicked (referring to the night-wanderer) (very wicked, very bad, corrupted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suduṣṭa

suduṣṭa - very wicked, very bad, corrupted, depraved

Past Passive Participle

From prefix `su-` (very) + `duṣṭa` (wicked, corrupted, past participle of root `duṣ` 'to be corrupted').

Prefix: su

Root: duṣ

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even (if) (even, also, too, whether)

(indeclinable)

अदुष्टः (aduṣṭaḥ) - not wicked (referring to the night-wanderer) (not wicked, not corrupted, virtuous)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aduṣṭa

aduṣṭa - not wicked, not corrupted, virtuous, pure

Past Passive Participle

From negative prefix `a-` + `duṣṭa` (wicked, corrupted, past participle of root `duṣ` 'to be corrupted').

Root: duṣ

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

किम् (kim) - whether (as an interrogative particle introducing a choice) (what? why? whether)

(indeclinable)

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (night-wanderer) (this, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etas

etas - this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the `rajānīcaraḥ`.

रजानीचरः (rajānīcaraḥ) - this night-wanderer (rākṣasa) (night-wanderer, demon, rākṣasa)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rajānīcara

rajānīcara - night-wanderer, demon, rākṣasa

Compound noun.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rajānī+cara)

• rajānī – night
  noun (feminine)
• cara – mover, wanderer, going, moving
  noun (masculine)
  From root `car` (to move, to wander).
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Subject of the clause.

सूक्ष्मम् (sūkṣmam) - the slightest (harm) (subtle, minute, tiny, slight)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sūkṣma

sūkṣma - subtle, minute, tiny, slight, fine, delicate

Root: sūc

Note: Modifies `ahitam`.

अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

अहितम् (ahitam) - harm (harm, injury, evil, disadvantage)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ahita

ahita - harm, injury, evil, disadvantage, not beneficial

From negative prefix `a-` + `hita` (beneficial, good).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+hita)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• hita – beneficial, good, placed, kind
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `dhā` (to place, hold).
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Object of `kartum`.

कर्तुम् (kartum) - to inflict (harm) (to do, to make, to perform)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Formed from root `kṛ` + suffix `tumun`.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

मम (mama) - upon me (my, to me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Possessive, or dative sense 'to me'.

अशक्तः (aśaktaḥ) - incapable (of inflicting harm) (incapable, unable, powerless)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśakta

aśakta - incapable, unable, powerless, weak

Past Passive Participle (negated)

From negative prefix `a-` + `śakta` (able, capable, past participle of root `śak` 'to be able').

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+śakta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• śakta – able, capable, powerful
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `śak` (to be able).
  Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Predicative adjective for `eṣaḥ rajānīcaraḥ`.

कथं (kathaṁ) - how (introducing a rhetorical question implying negation) (how, in what manner, why)

(indeclinable)

चन (cana) - in any way whatsoever (with negation) (ever, any)

(indeclinable)