वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-12, verse-1

अथ रामः प्रसन्नात्मा श्रुत्वा वायुसुतस्य ह ।
प्रत्यभाषत दुर्धर्षः श्रुतवानात्मनि स्थितम् ॥१॥

1. atha rāmaḥ prasannātmā śrutvā vāyusutasya ha ,
pratyabhāṣata durdharṣaḥ śrutavānātmani sthitam.

1. atha rāmaḥ prasannātmā śrutvā vāyusutasya ha
pratyabhāṣata durdharṣaḥ śrutavān ātmani sthitam

1. Then, the unconquerable Rāma, his mind pleased, having heard the son of Vayu (Hanuman) indeed replied. He was learned and firm in his own nature (ātman).

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama

• प्रसन्नात्मा (prasannātmā) - with a pleased mind, cheerful-souled

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• वायुसुतस्य (vāyusutasya) - of the son of Vayu (Hanuman) (of the son of Vayu)

• ह (ha) - indeed, surely

• प्रत्यभाषत (pratyabhāṣata) - he replied, he spoke back

• दुर्धर्षः (durdharṣaḥ) - unconquerable, irresistible

• श्रुतवान् (śrutavān) - learned, wise, one who has heard

• आत्मनि (ātmani) - in oneself, in his nature (ātman)

• स्थितम् (sthitam) - situated, established, firm

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

(indeclinable)

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (a proper name); pleasing, charming

Root: ram (class 1)

प्रसन्नात्मा (prasannātmā) - with a pleased mind, cheerful-souled

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prasannātman

prasannātman - having a clear/pleased mind, cheerful-souled

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (prasanna+ātman)

• prasanna – clear, bright, pleased, propitiated
  verbal derivative (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From pra-sad (to be clear, pleased)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: sad (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, vital breath
  noun (masculine)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Suffix -tvā added to root śru (to hear)

Root: śru (class 5)

वायुसुतस्य (vāyusutasya) - of the son of Vayu (Hanuman) (of the son of Vayu)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vāyusuta

vāyusuta - son of Vayu

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vāyu+suta)

• vāyu – wind, air, a deity (Vayu)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vā (class 2)
• suta – son, born, produced
  noun (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root sū (to bear, produce), used as a noun
  Root: sū (class 4)

ह (ha) - indeed, surely

(indeclinable)

प्रत्यभाषत (pratyabhāṣata) - he replied, he spoke back

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of prati-bhāṣ

Prefix: prati

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: Imperfect tense, Atmanepada form.

दुर्धर्षः (durdharṣaḥ) - unconquerable, irresistible

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durdharṣa

durdharṣa - difficult to overcome, unconquerable, irresistible

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dur+dharṣa)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
• dharṣa – daring, bold, attack
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛṣ (to dare, assault)
  Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)

Note: Describes Rama.

श्रुतवान् (śrutavān) - learned, wise, one who has heard

(verbal derivative)

Note: Describes Rama.

आत्मनि (ātmani) - in oneself, in his nature (ātman)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, vital breath

स्थितम् (sthitam) - situated, established, firm

(verbal derivative)

Note: `sthitam` is grammatically neuter singular nominative/accusative; however, here it is understood as modifying `rāmaḥ` or `śrutavān` (masculine singular nominative) due to epic usage and context, where `m` can sometimes substitute for `ḥ` at the end of a pāda or before a pause.

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