वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-12, verse-5

किमत्र चित्रं धर्मज्ञ लोकनाथशिखामणे ।
यत्त्वमार्यं प्रभाषेथाः सत्त्ववान् सपथे स्थितः ॥५॥

5. kimatra citraṃ dharmajña lokanāthaśikhāmaṇe ,
yattvamāryaṃ prabhāṣethāḥ sattvavān sapathe sthitaḥ.

5. kim atra citram dharmajña lokanāthaśikhāmaṇe yat
tvam āryam prabhāṣethāḥ sattvavān sapathe sthitaḥ

5. dharmajña lokanāthaśikhāmaṇe atra kim citram yat
tvam sattvavān sapathe sthitaḥ āryam prabhāṣethāḥ

5. What is surprising in this, O knower of natural law (dharma), O foremost among the protectors of the world, that you, being valorous and established on the path of truth, would utter such noble words?

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - what? why?

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter

• चित्रम् (citram) - wonderful, surprising, strange

• धर्मज्ञ (dharmajña) - O knower of natural law (dharma)

• लोकनाथशिखामणे (lokanāthaśikhāmaṇe) - O crest-jewel of world-protectors, O foremost among the lords of the world

• यत् (yat) - that (conjunction)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• आर्यम् (āryam) - noble words (object of prabhāṣethāḥ) (noble, honorable)

• प्रभाषेथाः (prabhāṣethāḥ) - you would speak

• सत्त्ववान् (sattvavān) - valorous, courageous, strong-willed

• सपथे (sapathe) - on the right path, on the path of truth

• स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - standing, situated, established

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - what? why?

(interrogative pronoun)

Note: Used adverbially here "What (is surprising)".

अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter

(indeclinable)

चित्रम् (citram) - wonderful, surprising, strange

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of citra

citra - striking, wonderful, variegated, strange

धर्मज्ञ (dharmajña) - O knower of natural law (dharma)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dharmajña

dharmajña - knowing natural law (dharma), righteous, virtuous

Compound of dharma (natural law) and jña (knower)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+jña)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  From root √dhṛ (to uphold, support)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• jña – knower, understanding
  adjective (masculine)
  From root √jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Addressed to Rāma.

लोकनाथशिखामणे (lokanāthaśikhāmaṇe) - O crest-jewel of world-protectors, O foremost among the lords of the world

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of lokanāthaśikhāmaṇi

lokanāthaśikhāmaṇi - crest-jewel of the lords of the world

Compound of loka (world), nātha (lord, protector), and śikhāmaṇi (crest-jewel)

Compound type : tatpurusha (loka+nātha+śikhāmaṇi)

• loka – world, people
  noun (masculine)
• nātha – lord, protector, master
  noun (masculine)
  From root √nāth (to seek help, to be a lord)
  Root: nāth (class 1)
• śikhāmaṇi – crest-jewel, most excellent (person or thing)
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of śikhā (crest) and maṇi (jewel)

Note: Addressed to Rāma.

यत् (yat) - that (conjunction)

(indeclinable)

Relative pronoun (neuter nominative/accusative singular) used as a conjunction.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Nominative singular of yuṣmad

आर्यम् (āryam) - noble words (object of prabhāṣethāḥ) (noble, honorable)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ārya

ārya - noble, honorable, respectable, Aryan

Note: Also possible as masculine accusative singular, but neuter for "words" is more common.

प्रभाषेथाः (prabhāṣethāḥ) - you would speak

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhāṣ

Optative/Potential mode, middle voice, 2nd person singular

From root √bhāṣ (to speak) with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: The ending indicates a potential or conditional action.

सत्त्ववान् (sattvavān) - valorous, courageous, strong-willed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sattvavat

sattvavat - possessing innate quality (sattva), brave, powerful, courageous

From sattva (existence, essence, strength, goodness) + possessive suffix -vat

सपथे (sapathe) - on the right path, on the path of truth

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of sapatha

sapatha - right path, good path, vow, oath

Compound of sa (with, good) and patha (path), or śapatha (oath/vow, but here sa-patha is more likely due to context of righteousness).

Compound type : tatpurusha (sa+patha)

• sa – with, good, true
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating 'with' or 'good'
• patha – path, way, road
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the path of truth/righteousness.

स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - standing, situated, established

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - standing, situated, firm, established

Past Passive Participle

From root √sthā (to stand)

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: The word sapathe specifies where one is established.

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