वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-12, verse-15

आर्तो वा यदि वा दृप्तः परेषां शरणं गतः ।
अरिः प्राणान्परित्यज्य रक्षितव्यः कृतात्मना ॥१५॥

15. ārto vā yadi vā dṛptaḥ pareṣāṃ śaraṇaṃ gataḥ ,
ariḥ prāṇānparityajya rakṣitavyaḥ kṛtātmanā.

15. ārtaḥ vā yadi vā dṛptaḥ pareṣām śaraṇam gataḥ
| ariḥ prāṇān parityajya rakṣitavyaḥ kṛtātmanā

15. Whether distressed or arrogant, an enemy who has sought refuge with others must be protected by one who has disciplined their self (ātman), even if it means abandoning one's own life.

Words meanings summery:

• आर्तः (ārtaḥ) - distressed, afflicted, suffering

• वा (vā) - or, either

• यदि (yadi) - if, whether

• वा (vā) - or, either

• दृप्तः (dṛptaḥ) - arrogant, proud, insolent

• परेषाम् (pareṣām) - of others, belonging to others

• शरणम् (śaraṇam) - refuge, shelter, protection

• गतः (gataḥ) - sought (refuge) (gone, arrived, sought)

• अरिः (ariḥ) - enemy, foe

• प्राणान् (prāṇān) - one's own life (plural for emphasis or entirety) (lives, breaths)

• परित्यज्य (parityajya) - having abandoned, forsaking, sacrificing

• रक्षितव्यः (rakṣitavyaḥ) - to be protected, must be protected

• कृतात्मना (kṛtātmanā) - by one who has disciplined their self (ātman) (by one who has a disciplined self, by a perfected self)

Words meanings and morphology

आर्तः (ārtaḥ) - distressed, afflicted, suffering

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ārta

ārta - distressed, afflicted, suffering, hurt

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'ṛ' (to go, move, suffer).

Root: ṛ (class 1)

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

यदि (yadi) - if, whether

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

दृप्तः (dṛptaḥ) - arrogant, proud, insolent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dṛpta

dṛpta - arrogant, proud, insolent, intoxicated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'dṛp' (to be proud, arrogant).

Root: dṛp (class 4)

परेषाम् (pareṣām) - of others, belonging to others

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of para

para - other, another, supreme, distant

शरणम् (śaraṇam) - refuge, shelter, protection

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śaraṇa

śaraṇa - refuge, shelter, protection

Root: śṛ (class 1)

गतः (gataḥ) - sought (refuge) (gone, arrived, sought)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, arrived, moved, obtained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'gam' (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

अरिः (ariḥ) - enemy, foe

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ari

ari - enemy, foe, hostile

Root: ṛ (class 1)

प्राणान् (prāṇān) - one's own life (plural for emphasis or entirety) (lives, breaths)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of prāṇa

prāṇa - breath, life, vital air

Prefix: pra

Root: an (class 2)

परित्यज्य (parityajya) - having abandoned, forsaking, sacrificing

(indeclinable)

Gerund/Absolutive

Derived from root 'tyaj' (to abandon) with prefixes 'pari' and 'a'.

Prefix: pari

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Used as an absolutive participle.

रक्षितव्यः (rakṣitavyaḥ) - to be protected, must be protected

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rakṣitavya

rakṣitavya - to be protected, fit to be protected

Gerundive

Derived from root 'rakṣ' (to protect) with suffix '-tavya'.

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

कृतात्मना (kṛtātmanā) - by one who has disciplined their self (ātman) (by one who has a disciplined self, by a perfected self)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kṛtātman

kṛtātman - one whose self (ātman) is disciplined, perfected, or purified

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛta+ātman)

• kṛta – done, made, accomplished, perfected, disciplined
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'kṛ' (to do, make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)