वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-12, verse-13

ऋषेः कण्वस्य पुत्रेण कण्डुना परमर्षिणा ।
शृणु गाथां पुरा गीतां धर्मिष्ठां सत्यवादिना ॥१३॥

13. ṛṣeḥ kaṇvasya putreṇa kaṇḍunā paramarṣiṇā ,
śṛṇu gāthāṃ purā gītāṃ dharmiṣṭhāṃ satyavādinā.

13. ṛṣeḥ kaṇvasya putreṇa kaṇḍunā paramarṣiṇā |
śṛṇu gāthām purā gītām dharmiṣṭhām satyavādinā

13. Listen to an ancient verse, most righteous (dharma), which was sung by the truthful great sage Kaṇḍu, son of the sage Kaṇva.

Words meanings summery:

• ऋषेः (ṛṣeḥ) - of the sage (Kaṇva) (of the sage)

• कण्वस्य (kaṇvasya) - of Kaṇva

• पुत्रेण (putreṇa) - by the son

• कण्डुना (kaṇḍunā) - by Kaṇḍu

• परमर्षिणा (paramarṣiṇā) - by the great sage

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

• गाथाम् (gāthām) - verse, song, stanza

• पुरा (purā) - ancient (qualifying the verse) (formerly, in ancient times, before)

• गीताम् (gītām) - sung, chanted

• धर्मिष्ठाम् (dharmiṣṭhām) - most righteous, most virtuous, most observant of (dharma)

• सत्यवादिना (satyavādinā) - by the truth-speaker, by the truthful one

Words meanings and morphology

ऋषेः (ṛṣeḥ) - of the sage (Kaṇva) (of the sage)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet

कण्वस्य (kaṇvasya) - of Kaṇva

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kaṇva

kaṇva - Kaṇva (name of a Vedic sage)

पुत्रेण (putreṇa) - by the son

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

कण्डुना (kaṇḍunā) - by Kaṇḍu

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kaṇḍu

kaṇḍu - Kaṇḍu (name of a great sage)

परमर्षिणा (paramarṣiṇā) - by the great sage

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of paramarṣi

paramarṣi - great sage, supreme sage

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+ṛṣi)

• parama – supreme, highest, greatest
  adjective
• ṛṣi – sage, seer
  noun (masculine)

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Root of 5th class, imperative mood.

Root: śru (class 5)

गाथाम् (gāthām) - verse, song, stanza

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gāthā

gāthā - verse, song, stanza (especially non-Vedic)

पुरा (purā) - ancient (qualifying the verse) (formerly, in ancient times, before)

(indeclinable)

गीताम् (gītām) - sung, chanted

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gīta

gīta - sung, chanted, recited

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'gā' (to sing).

Root: gā (class 3)

धर्मिष्ठाम् (dharmiṣṭhām) - most righteous, most virtuous, most observant of (dharma)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dharmiṣṭha

dharmiṣṭha - most righteous, most virtuous, most observant of natural law (dharma)

Superlative of 'dharma' (righteousness, natural law).

सत्यवादिना (satyavādinā) - by the truth-speaker, by the truthful one

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of satyavādin

satyavādin - truth-speaker, truthful, veracious

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (satya+vādin)

• satya – truth, true
  noun (neuter)
• vādin – speaker, one who speaks or says
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Derived from root 'vad' (to speak).
  Root: vad (class 1)

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