वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-12, verse-12

स हि तं प्रतिजग्राह भार्या हर्तारमागतम् ।
कपोतो वानरश्रेष्ठ किं पुनर्मद्विधो जनः ॥१२॥

12. sa hi taṃ pratijagrāha bhāryā hartāramāgatam ,
kapoto vānaraśreṣṭha kiṃ punarmadvidho janaḥ.

12. saḥ hi tam pratijagrāha bhāryāhartāram āgatam |
kapotaḥ vānaraśreṣṭha kim punaḥ matvidhaḥ janaḥ

12. Indeed, a pigeon welcomed him who had arrived as the abductor of his wife, O best of monkeys. What then of a person like me?

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (referring to the pigeon in the story) (he)

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

• तम् (tam) - him (referring to the hunter) (him, that (masculine singular accusative))

• प्रतिजग्राह (pratijagrāha) - welcomed, accepted, took

• भार्याहर्तारम् (bhāryāhartāram) - the abductor of his wife (the abductor of a wife)

• आगतम् (āgatam) - who had arrived (as the abductor) (who has come, arrived)

• कपोतः (kapotaḥ) - pigeon, dove

• वानरश्रेष्ठ (vānaraśreṣṭha) - O best of monkeys (addressing a specific monkey, likely Hanumān or another prominent vānara) (best of monkeys, O best among monkeys)

• किम् (kim) - what (then) (what, why)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - then (in the sense of 'what then of') (again, moreover, but, on the other hand)

• मत्विधः (matvidhaḥ) - like me, of my kind

• जनः (janaḥ) - person, man, people

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (referring to the pigeon in the story) (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

(indeclinable)

तम् (tam) - him (referring to the hunter) (him, that (masculine singular accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

प्रतिजग्राह (pratijagrāha) - welcomed, accepted, took

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of prati-grah

Root of 3rd class, 'to seize, take'. Perfect tense form.

Prefix: prati

Root: grah (class 3)

भार्याहर्तारम् (bhāryāhartāram) - the abductor of his wife (the abductor of a wife)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhāryāhartṛ

bhāryāhartṛ - abductor of wife

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (bhāryā+hartṛ)

• bhāryā – wife, spouse
  noun (feminine)
  Gerundive
  Feminine form of 'bhārya' (to be supported), derived from root 'bhṛ' (to bear/maintain).
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)
• hartṛ – abductor, taker, stealer, destroyer
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Agent noun (kartṛ) from root 'hṛ' (to take, carry, steal).
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

आगतम् (āgatam) - who had arrived (as the abductor) (who has come, arrived)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - arrived, come, obtained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'gam' (to go) with prefix 'ā' (towards).

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

कपोतः (kapotaḥ) - pigeon, dove

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kapota

kapota - pigeon, dove

वानरश्रेष्ठ (vānaraśreṣṭha) - O best of monkeys (addressing a specific monkey, likely Hanumān or another prominent vānara) (best of monkeys, O best among monkeys)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vānaraśreṣṭha

vānaraśreṣṭha - best of monkeys

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (vānara+śreṣṭha)

• vānara – monkey
  noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, excellent, superior
  adjective
  Superlative degree derived from 'praśasya' (praiseworthy).

किम् (kim) - what (then) (what, why)

(indeclinable)

पुनः (punaḥ) - then (in the sense of 'what then of') (again, moreover, but, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

मत्विधः (matvidhaḥ) - like me, of my kind

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of matvidha

matvidha - like me, of my kind

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mat+vidha)

• mat – me, my (from 'mad', the pronominal stem of 'aham')
  pronoun
  From 'mad', the root form for 'aham' (I/me) in compounds.
• vidha – kind, sort, type, manner
  noun (masculine)

जनः (janaḥ) - person, man, people

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jana

jana - person, man, people

Root: jan (class 4)

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