वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-103, verse-1

तां तु पार्श्वे स्थितां प्रह्वां रामः संप्रेक्ष्य मैथिलीम् ।
हृदयान्तर्गतक्रोधो व्याहर्तुमुपचक्रमे ॥१॥

1. tāṃ tu pārśve sthitāṃ prahvāṃ rāmaḥ saṃprekṣya maithilīm ,
hṛdayāntargatakrodho vyāhartumupacakrame.

1. tām tu pārśve sthitām prahrām rāmaḥ samprekṣya
maithilīm hṛdayāntargatakrodhaḥ vyāhartum upacakrame

1. tu rāmaḥ hṛdayāntargatakrodhaḥ pārśve sthitām
prahrām tām maithilīm samprekṣya vyāhartum upacakrame

1. But Rama, having carefully observed Maithili (Sita) standing humbly at his side, and with anger held within his heart, began to speak.

Words meanings summery:

• ताम् (tām) - her (her, that (feminine accusative singular))

• तु (tu) - but (contrastive/emphasizing) (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• पार्श्वे (pārśve) - at his side (at the side, near, beside)

• स्थिताम् (sthitām) - standing (standing, situated, being)

• प्रह्राम् (prahrām) - humbly (bowed down) (bowed, humble, submissive)

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama (Rama (name of a king))

• सम्प्रेक्ष्य (samprekṣya) - having carefully observed (having seen, having observed, having perceived)

• मैथिलीम् (maithilīm) - Maithili (Sita) (Maithili, Sita (daughter of the king of Mithila))

• हृदयान्तर्गतक्रोधः (hṛdayāntargatakrodhaḥ) - with anger held within his heart (whose anger is within the heart, having anger hidden in the heart)

• व्याहर्तुम् (vyāhartum) - to speak (to speak, to utter, to declare)

• उपचक्रमे (upacakrame) - began (began, undertook, commenced)

Words meanings and morphology

ताम् (tām) - her (her, that (feminine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Note: Object of 'samprekṣya', refers to Maithili

तु (tu) - but (contrastive/emphasizing) (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle

पार्श्वे (pārśve) - at his side (at the side, near, beside)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pārśva

pārśva - side, flank, vicinity

Note: Indicates location

स्थिताम् (sthitām) - standing (standing, situated, being)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sthita

sthita - standing, situated, firm, fixed

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root 'sthā' (to stand).

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'tām' (Maithilīm)

प्रह्राम् (prahrām) - humbly (bowed down) (bowed, humble, submissive)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of prahrā

prahrā - bowed, humble, bent down

Derived from 'pra-hṛ' (to bend down).

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'tām' (Maithilīm)

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama (Rama (name of a king))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (name of an incarnation of Viṣṇu)

Note: Subject of 'upacakrame'

सम्प्रेक्ष्य (samprekṣya) - having carefully observed (having seen, having observed, having perceived)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Derived from root 'īkṣ' (to see) with prefixes 'sam' and 'pra'. Absolutive suffix '-ya'.

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Adverbial participle, indicates an action completed before the main verb

मैथिलीम् (maithilīm) - Maithili (Sita) (Maithili, Sita (daughter of the king of Mithila))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of maithilī

maithilī - Maithili (name of Sita, daughter of the king of Mithila)

Note: Direct object of 'samprekṣya'

हृदयान्तर्गतक्रोधः (hṛdayāntargatakrodhaḥ) - with anger held within his heart (whose anger is within the heart, having anger hidden in the heart)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hṛdayāntargatakrodha

hṛdayāntargatakrodha - whose anger is within the heart

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'hṛdaya' (heart) + 'antar' (within) + 'gata' (gone/situated) + 'krodha' (anger).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hṛdaya+antar+gata+krodha)

• hṛdaya – heart, mind, soul
  noun (neuter)
• antar – within, inside, intermediate
  indeclinable
• gata – gone, arrived at, situated in
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of root 'gam' (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)
• krodha – anger, wrath
  noun (masculine)
  Root: krus (class 1)

Note: Attributes to 'rāmaḥ'

व्याहर्तुम् (vyāhartum) - to speak (to speak, to utter, to declare)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive from root 'hṛ' (to carry, to speak) with prefixes 'vi' and 'ā'. Infinitive suffix '-tum'.

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Expresses purpose, object of 'upacakrame'

उपचक्रमे (upacakrame) - began (began, undertook, commenced)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (lit) of upa-kram

Prefix: upa

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Main verb