वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-53, verse-10

कथं हि जीवता शक्यो मया द्रष्टुं हरीश्वरः ।
तौ वा पुरुषशार्दूलौ कार्यसर्वस्वघातिना ॥१०॥

10. kathaṃ hi jīvatā śakyo mayā draṣṭuṃ harīśvaraḥ ,
tau vā puruṣaśārdūlau kāryasarvasvaghātinā.

10. katham hi jīvatā śakyaḥ mayā draṣṭum harīśvaraḥ
tau vā puruṣaśārdūlau kāryasarvasvaghātinā

10. hi kāryasarvasvaghātinā mayā jīvatā harīśvaraḥ
draṣṭum katham śakyaḥ vā tau puruṣaśārdūlau

10. How can I, still alive, possibly look upon the lord of monkeys (Sugrīva), or those two tiger-like men (Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa), I who have utterly destroyed their entire mission?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because, for

• जीवता (jīvatā) - by a living one, by me while living

• शक्यः (śakyaḥ) - possible, capable, able to be (seen)

• मया (mayā) - by me

• द्रष्टुम् (draṣṭum) - to see

• हरीश्वरः (harīśvaraḥ) - the lord of monkeys (Sugrīva) (the lord of monkeys)

• तौ (tau) - those two (Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa) (those two)

• वा (vā) - or

• पुरुषशार्दूलौ (puruṣaśārdūlau) - two best of men (Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa) (two tiger-like men, two best of men)

• कार्यसर्वस्वघातिना (kāryasarvasvaghātinā) - by me, who has utterly destroyed their entire mission (by one who has destroyed the entire task)

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because, for

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

जीवता (jīvatā) - by a living one, by me while living

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of jīvat

jīvat - living, alive

Present Active Participle

From root `√jīv` (to live).

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Masculine singular instrumental form, referring to the agent.

शक्यः (śakyaḥ) - possible, capable, able to be (seen)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakya

śakya - possible, able, capable, practicable

Gerundive

From root `√śak` (to be able).

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Masculine singular nominative, agreeing with `harīśvaraḥ`. Used with infinitive `draṣṭum`.

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Agent of the gerundive construction.

द्रष्टुम् (draṣṭum) - to see

(verb)

infinitive (tumun) of dṛś

Infinitive

From root `√dṛś` (to see) with suffix `tumun`.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Used with `śakyaḥ`.

हरीश्वरः (harīśvaraḥ) - the lord of monkeys (Sugrīva) (the lord of monkeys)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of harīśvara

harīśvara - lord of monkeys, a chief monkey (epithet for Sugriva)

Compound of `hari` (monkey) + `īśvara` (lord).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (hari+īśvara)

• hari – monkey, tawny, lion
  noun (masculine)
• īśvara – lord, master, controller
  noun (masculine)
  From `√īś` (to rule, command).
  Root: īś (class 2)

Note: Subject of the potential action 'to be seen'.

तौ (tau) - those two (Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa) (those two)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, this

Note: Refers to Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects alternatives.

पुरुषशार्दूलौ (puruṣaśārdūlau) - two best of men (Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa) (two tiger-like men, two best of men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of puruṣaśārdūla

puruṣaśārdūla - tiger among men, best of men, pre-eminent man

Tatpurusha compound (e.g., a man who is a tiger).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+śārdūla)

• puruṣa – man, person, male, human being
  noun (masculine)
• śārdūla – tiger, best of, excellent (used as a suffix)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Dual nominative, agreeing with `tau`.

कार्यसर्वस्वघातिना (kāryasarvasvaghātinā) - by me, who has utterly destroyed their entire mission (by one who has destroyed the entire task)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kāryasarvasvaghātin

kāryasarvasvaghātin - one who destroys the entire task/mission

Agentive noun derived from verb + noun.

Compound of `kāryasarvasva` (entire task) + `ghātin` (destroyer, killer).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāryasarvasva+ghātin)

• kāryasarvasva – the whole substance of the task, the entire mission
  noun (neuter)
  Tatpurusha compound: `kārya` (task) + `sarvasva` (entire property, whole substance).
• ghātin – destroyer, killer, injurious
  adjective (masculine)
  Agentive Noun
  From root `√han` (to strike, kill) with suffix `in`. Used as an agent noun.
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Instrumental singular, referring to Hanuman as the agent of destruction.

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