वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-53, verse-14

एतदेव वचः श्रुत्वा भरतो भ्रातृवत्सलः ।
धर्मात्मा सहशत्रुघ्नः कथं शक्ष्यति जीवितुम् ॥१४॥

14. etadeva vacaḥ śrutvā bharato bhrātṛvatsalaḥ ,
dharmātmā sahaśatrughnaḥ kathaṃ śakṣyati jīvitum.

14. etat eva vacaḥ śrutvā Bharataḥ bhrātṛvatsalaḥ
dharmātmā sahaśatrughnaḥ katham śakṣyati jīvitum

14. Bharataḥ bhrātṛvatsalaḥ dharmātmā sahaśatrughnaḥ
etat eva vacaḥ śrutvā katham jīvitum śakṣyati

14. How will Bharata, who is devoted to his brothers and of a righteous (dharma) nature (dharmātmā), be able to live, along with Shatrughna, after hearing this very news?

Words meanings summery:

• एतत् (etat) - this

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, very

• वचः (vacaḥ) - news (of Sītā's loss and likely death of Lakṣmaṇa and Hanumān) (word, speech, news)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• भरतः (bharataḥ) - Bharata

• भ्रातृवत्सलः (bhrātṛvatsalaḥ) - affectionate to brothers, devoted to brothers

• धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - righteous-souled, of a righteous (dharma) nature

• सहशत्रुघ्नः (sahaśatrughnaḥ) - together with Shatrughna

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• शक्ष्यति (śakṣyati) - he will be able

• जीवितुम् (jīvitum) - to live, for living

Words meanings and morphology

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, here

Pronominal stem

Note: Can also be accusative singular neuter.

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, very

(indeclinable)

वचः (vacaḥ) - news (of Sītā's loss and likely death of Lakṣmaṇa and Hanumān) (word, speech, news)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, saying, utterance

From root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Can also be accusative singular neuter.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root śru (to hear) + tvā (absolutive suffix).

Root: śru (class 5)

भरतः (bharataḥ) - Bharata

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Bharata

Bharata - Name of Rama's younger brother

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

भ्रातृवत्सलः (bhrātṛvatsalaḥ) - affectionate to brothers, devoted to brothers

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhrātṛvatsala

bhrātṛvatsala - affectionate towards brothers, devoted to brothers

From bhrātṛ (brother) + vatsala (affectionate).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhrātṛ+vatsala)

• bhrātṛ – brother
  noun (masculine)
• vatsala – affectionate, tender, loving
  adjective (masculine)
  From vatsa (calf, child).

धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - righteous-souled, of a righteous (dharma) nature

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - righteous-souled, virtuous, of a just nature

From dharma (righteousness, natural law) + ātman (self, soul).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ (to hold, support).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Compound adjective modifying Bharata.

सहशत्रुघ्नः (sahaśatrughnaḥ) - together with Shatrughna

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sahaśatrughna

sahaśatrughna - together with Shatrughna

From saha (with) + Śatrughna (proper name).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saha+Śatrughna)

• saha – with, together with
  indeclinable
  Prefix/Preposition
• Śatrughna – Name of Rama's youngest brother (lit. 'slayer of foes')
  proper noun (masculine)
  From śatru (enemy) + ghna (slayer).
  Root: han (class 2)

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb

शक्ष्यति (śakṣyati) - he will be able

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of śak

Future tense

From root śak (to be able).

Root: śak (class 5)

जीवितुम् (jīvitum) - to live, for living

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

From root jīv (to live) + tumun (infinitive suffix).

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Verbal infinitive.