वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-10, verse-2

स चिन्तयामास ततो महाकपिः प्रियामपश्यन् रघुनन्दनस्य ताम् ।
ध्रुवं नु सीता म्रियते यथा न मे विचिन्वतो दर्शनमेति मैथिली ॥२॥

2. sa cintayāmāsa tato mahākapiḥ priyāmapaśyan raghunandanasya tām ,
dhruvaṃ nu sītā mriyate yathā na me vicinvato darśanameti maithilī.

2. saḥ cintayāmāsa tataḥ mahā-kapiḥ
priyām apaśyan raghu-nandanasya tām
dhruvam nu sītā mriyate yathā na
me vicinvataḥ darśanam eti maithilī

2. tataḥ saḥ mahā-kapiḥ raghu-nandanasya tām priyām apaśyan cintayāmāsa: "dhruvam nu sītā mriyate yathā vicinvataḥ me darśanam maithilī na eti.
"

2. Then that great monkey (Hanumān), not finding her, the beloved of Raghu's descendant (Rāma), pondered: 'Surely Sītā is dead, since Maithilī does not appear to me, even as I search.'

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (Hanumān) (he, that)

• चिन्तयामास (cintayāmāsa) - thought, pondered, reflected

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from there

• महा-कपिः (mahā-kapiḥ) - Hanumān (great monkey)

• प्रियाम् (priyām) - Sītā, the beloved of Rāma (beloved, dear one)

• अपश्यन् (apaśyan) - Hanumān not finding (not seeing, not finding)

• रघु-नन्दनस्य (raghu-nandanasya) - of Rāma, the descendant of Raghu (of the joy of Raghu, of the son of Raghu (Rāma))

• ताम् (tām) - her (Sītā) (her, that)

• ध्रुवम् (dhruvam) - certainly, surely, fixedly

• नु (nu) - surely (indeed, now, then, surely (interrogative or emphatic particle))

• सीता (sītā) - Sītā

• म्रियते (mriyate) - dies, is dying

• यथा (yathā) - since (as, just as, in what manner, since)

• न (na) - not

• मे (me) - to me (Hanumān) (to me, my)

• विचिन्वतः (vicinvataḥ) - to me, who is searching (referring to Hanumān, implied 'mama' or 'mahyaṁ') (of one who is searching, while searching)

• दर्शनम् (darśanam) - sight, appearance

• एति (eti) - does not appear (comes, goes, appears)

• मैथिली (maithilī) - Sītā (Maithilī (princess of Mithilā, Sītā))

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (Hanumān) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Subject of 'cintayāmāsa'.

चिन्तयामास (cintayāmāsa) - thought, pondered, reflected

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of cintayāmāsa

periphrastic perfect active

Formed from the root 'cit' (to perceive) with the causative suffix -aya and auxiliary verb 'ās' in perfect tense.

Root: cit (class 10)

Note: Main verb.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from there

(indeclinable)

Adverbial from 'tad' with suffix -tas

Note: Connects the previous action to this pondering.

महा-कपिः (mahā-kapiḥ) - Hanumān (great monkey)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahā-kapi

mahā-kapi - great monkey, chief of monkeys

Compound of 'mahā' and 'kapi'

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+kapi)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective (neuter)
  The stem 'mahā' is used in compounds.
  Root: mah
• kapi – monkey, ape
  noun (masculine)

Note: Apposition to 'saḥ'.

प्रियाम् (priyām) - Sītā, the beloved of Rāma (beloved, dear one)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of priyā

priyā - beloved, dear, wife, mistress

Feminine form of 'priya' (dear)

Root: prī (class 4)

Note: Object of 'apaśyan'.

अपश्यन् (apaśyan) - Hanumān not finding (not seeing, not finding)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paśyat

paśyat - seeing, looking

present active participle

From root 'dṛś' (to see), with 'a' (negation)

Prefix: a

Root: dṛś (class 1)

रघु-नन्दनस्य (raghu-nandanasya) - of Rāma, the descendant of Raghu (of the joy of Raghu, of the son of Raghu (Rāma))

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of raghu-nandana

raghu-nandana - descendant of Raghu, joy of Raghu's lineage (epithet for Rāma)

Compound of 'Raghu' (name of an ancient king) and 'nandana' (son, joy)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (raghu+nandana)

• raghu – Raghu (name of a king)
  proper noun (masculine)
• nandana – son, child, joy, delight
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'nand' (to rejoice)
  Root: nand (class 1)

Note: Possessive, describes 'priyām'.

ताम् (tām) - her (Sītā) (her, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to Sītā.

ध्रुवम् (dhruvam) - certainly, surely, fixedly

(indeclinable)

Root: dhru (class 1)

नु (nu) - surely (indeed, now, then, surely (interrogative or emphatic particle))

(indeclinable)

सीता (sītā) - Sītā

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sītā

sītā - Sītā (name of Rāma's wife)

Note: Subject of 'mriyate'.

म्रियते (mriyate) - dies, is dying

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of mṛ

present middle

From root 'mṛ' (to die), ātmanepada, present tense.

Root: mṛ (class 6)

यथा (yathā) - since (as, just as, in what manner, since)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

मे (me) - to me (Hanumān) (to me, my)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we (first person pronoun)

Enclitic form of asmad (first person pronoun)

Note: Indicates recipient of the action (sight not coming to me).

विचिन्वतः (vicinvataḥ) - to me, who is searching (referring to Hanumān, implied 'mama' or 'mahyaṁ') (of one who is searching, while searching)

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vicinvat

vicinvat - searching, seeking, examining

present active participle

From root 'ci' (to collect, search) with prefix 'vi', present stem 'vicinva'.

Prefix: vi

Root: ci (class 5)

Note: Describes the state of the first person pronoun.

दर्शनम् (darśanam) - sight, appearance

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of darśana

darśana - seeing, sight, vision, appearance

From root 'dṛś' (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'eti'.

एति (eti) - does not appear (comes, goes, appears)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of i

present active

From root 'i' (to go), present tense, parasmaipada

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the subordinate clause.

मैथिली (maithilī) - Sītā (Maithilī (princess of Mithilā, Sītā))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of maithilī

maithilī - Maithilī, princess of Mithilā (epithet for Sītā)

Patronymic from Mithilā (kingdom)

Note: Subject of 'eti'.