वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-34, verse-6

सुदुःखं शायितः पूर्वं प्राप्येदं सुखमुत्तमम् ।
प्राप्तकालं न जानीते विश्वामित्रो यथा मुनिः ॥६॥

6. suduḥkhaṃ śāyitaḥ pūrvaṃ prāpyedaṃ sukhamuttamam ,
prāptakālaṃ na jānīte viśvāmitro yathā muniḥ.

6. sudukham śāyitaḥ pūrvam prāpya idam sukham uttamam
prāptakālam na jānīte viśvāmitraḥ yathā muniḥ

6. yathā viśvāmitraḥ muniḥ pūrvam suduḥkham śāyitaḥ
idam uttamam sukham prāpya prāptakālam na jānīte

6. Just as the sage Viśvāmitra, having previously endured great misery and now having obtained this supreme happiness, does not recognize the opportune moment.

Words meanings summery:

• सुदुखम् (sudukham) - much misery (much misery, great sorrow, very difficult)

• शायितः (śāyitaḥ) - having endured (by being laid down in misery) (having slept, having lain down, caused to lie down)

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - previously (previously, before, in former times)

• प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained (having obtained, having reached, having attained)

• इदम् (idam) - this (this, this one)

• सुखम् (sukham) - happiness (happiness, joy, pleasure, comfort)

• उत्तमम् (uttamam) - supreme (excellent, best, supreme, highest)

• प्राप्तकालम् (prāptakālam) - the opportune moment (the appropriate time, the opportune moment, the time that has arrived)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• जानीते (jānīte) - knows, recognizes (knows, understands)

• विश्वामित्रः (viśvāmitraḥ) - Viśvāmitra (Viśvāmitra (name of a famous sage))

• यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, like, in the manner that)

• मुनिः (muniḥ) - sage (sage, ascetic, seer)

Words meanings and morphology

सुदुखम् (sudukham) - much misery (much misery, great sorrow, very difficult)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of suduḥkha

suduḥkha - very difficult, very painful, much misery

compound of su- (good/intense) and duḥkha (pain/difficulty)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+duḥkha)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
  prefix/adverb
• duḥkha – pain, sorrow, misery, suffering, difficulty
  noun (neuter)

Note: Used adverbially.

शायितः (śāyitaḥ) - having endured (by being laid down in misery) (having slept, having lain down, caused to lie down)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śāyita

śāyita - laid, caused to sleep, having slept, having lain

Past Passive Participle

PPP from √śī (to lie down), or from its causative śāy- 'to cause to lie down'. Here in an active sense or 'placed in a state of lying'.

Root: śī (class 2)

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - previously (previously, before, in former times)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial use of neuter accusative singular.

प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained (having obtained, having reached, having attained)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

Formed with prefix pra + root āp + suffix lyaP.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Connects two actions where the first is completed before the second.

इदम् (idam) - this (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to sukham.

सुखम् (sukham) - happiness (happiness, joy, pleasure, comfort)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, joy, pleasure, comfort

From su- (good) + kha (wheel's hole, axle, or ether). Literally "good space/axle hole".

Note: Object of prāpya.

उत्तमम् (uttamam) - supreme (excellent, best, supreme, highest)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uttama

uttama - highest, best, supreme, excellent

Superlative form of ut (up).

Note: Agrees with sukham.

प्राप्तकालम् (prāptakālam) - the opportune moment (the appropriate time, the opportune moment, the time that has arrived)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prāptakāla

prāptakāla - time arrived, opportune time, a person whose time has come

Compound noun meaning "arrived time".

Compound type : karmadhāraya (prāpta+kāla)

• prāpta – obtained, arrived, reached, acquired
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP of pra-āp
  Prefix: pra
  Root: āp (class 5)
• kāla – time, period, season, opportunity
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of jānīte.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

Note: Negates the verb jānīte.

जानीते (jānīte) - knows, recognizes (knows, understands)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of jñā

Present tense, middle voice.

3rd person singular, present indicative, middle voice, from √jñā (9th class).

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

विश्वामित्रः (viśvāmitraḥ) - Viśvāmitra (Viśvāmitra (name of a famous sage))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viśvāmitra

viśvāmitra - friend of all, name of a famous ancient sage

Compound: viśva (all) + mitra (friend).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (viśva+mitra)

• viśva – all, whole, universal
  adjective (masculine)
• mitra – friend, companion, ally
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of jānīte.

यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, like, in the manner that)

(indeclinable)

Correlative adverb.

मुनिः (muniḥ) - sage (sage, ascetic, seer)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, silent one, inspired one

Root: man

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