वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-34, verse-23

तव हि मुखमिदं निरीक्ष्य कोपात् क्षतजनिभे नयने निरीक्षमाणाः ।
हरिवरवनिता न यान्ति शान्तिं प्रथमभयस्य हि शङ्किताः स्म सर्वाः ॥२३॥

23. tava hi mukhamidaṃ nirīkṣya kopāt kṣatajanibhe nayane nirīkṣamāṇāḥ ,
harivaravanitā na yānti śāntiṃ prathamabhayasya hi śaṅkitāḥ sma sarvāḥ.

23. tava hi mukham idam nirīkṣya kopāt
kṣatajanibhe nayane nirīkṣamāṇāḥ
harivaravanitāḥ na yānti śāntim
prathamabhayasya hi śaṅkitāḥ sma sarvāḥ

23. hi tava idam mukham nirīkṣya kopāt
kṣatajanibhe nayane nirīkṣamāṇāḥ
harivaravanitāḥ śāntim na yānti hi
sarvāḥ sma prathamabhayasya śaṅkitāḥ

23. Indeed, seeing this face of yours and observing your eyes, which, due to anger, resemble wounded blood, the wives of the chief monkeys do not find peace. For we are all apprehensive of the previous fear.

Words meanings summery:

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• मुखम् (mukham) - face, mouth

• इदम् (idam) - this

• निरीक्ष्य (nirīkṣya) - having seen, having observed

• कोपात् (kopāt) - from anger, due to anger

• क्षतजनिभे (kṣatajanibhe) - Describes the eyes (nayane) (resembling wounded blood)

• नयने (nayane) - eyes (dual)

• निरीक्षमाणाः (nirīkṣamāṇāḥ) - Refers to `harivaravanitāḥ` ((they who are) observing, looking at)

• हरिवरवनिताः (harivaravanitāḥ) - wives of the chief monkeys

• न (na) - not, no

• यान्ति (yānti) - they go, they attain

• शान्तिम् (śāntim) - peace, tranquility, calm

• प्रथमभयस्य (prathamabhayasya) - Refers to a past traumatic experience. (of the first/previous fear)

• हि (hi) - indeed, for

• शङ्किताः (śaṅkitāḥ) - apprehensive, fearful, doubted

• स्म (sma) - Here, `śaṅkitāḥ sma` means 'we are apprehensive'. (are (indicates past tense when used with present tense verb, or present state for participle))

• सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - Refers to the collective 'we' (implied in `sma` or previous speakers). (all, everyone)

Words meanings and morphology

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

मुखम् (mukham) - face, mouth

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mukha

mukha - face, mouth, front, chief

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here

Note: Agrees with `mukham`.

निरीक्ष्य (nirīkṣya) - having seen, having observed

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Root 'īkṣ' with prefix 'nir', followed by suffix 'ya' for absolutive.

Prefix: nir

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

कोपात् (kopāt) - from anger, due to anger

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kopa

kopa - anger, wrath, fury

Root: kup (class 4)

क्षतजनिभे (kṣatajanibhe) - Describes the eyes (nayane) (resembling wounded blood)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, dual of kṣatajanibha

kṣatajanibha - resembling blood from a wound (kṣata-ja = born of a wound, i.e., blood; nibha = like, resembling)

Compound.

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (kṣataja+nibha)

• kṣataja – blood (born of a wound), born from injury
  noun (masculine)
  Compound 'kṣata' (wound) + 'ja' (born).
  Root: jan (class 4)
• nibha – like, resembling, similar
  adjective (masculine)

नयने (nayane) - eyes (dual)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, dual of nayana

nayana - eye, leading, guiding

From root 'nī' (to lead) + suffix 'ana'.

Root: nī (class 1)

निरीक्षमाणाः (nirīkṣamāṇāḥ) - Refers to `harivaravanitāḥ` ((they who are) observing, looking at)

(participle)

Nominative, feminine, plural of īkṣamāṇa

īkṣamāṇa - observing, looking, seeing

Present Middle Participle

Root 'īkṣ' with prefix 'nir', present middle participle suffix 'śānac'.

Prefix: nir

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `harivaravanitāḥ`.

हरिवरवनिताः (harivaravanitāḥ) - wives of the chief monkeys

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of harivaravanitā

harivaravanitā - wives of excellent monkeys

Compound.

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (hari+vara+vanitā)

• hari – monkey, lion
  noun (masculine)
• vara – best, excellent, boon, suitor
  adjective (masculine)
• vanitā – woman, wife, beloved
  noun (feminine)
  Root: van (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

यान्ति (yānti) - they go, they attain

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of yā

present tense

Root 'yā', present tense, 3rd person plural.

Root: yā (class 2)

शान्तिम् (śāntim) - peace, tranquility, calm

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śānti

śānti - peace, tranquility, cessation, calm

From root 'śam' (to be calm).

Root: śam (class 4)

प्रथमभयस्य (prathamabhayasya) - Refers to a past traumatic experience. (of the first/previous fear)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of prathamabhaya

prathamabhaya - initial fear, previous fear

Compound.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (prathama+bhaya)

• prathama – first, foremost, primary
  adjective (masculine)
• bhaya – fear, dread, danger
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'bhī' (to fear).
  Root: bhī (class 3)

हि (hi) - indeed, for

(indeclinable)

शङ्किताः (śaṅkitāḥ) - apprehensive, fearful, doubted

(participle)

Nominative, feminine, plural of śaṅkita

śaṅkita - doubted, apprehended, feared, suspicious

Past Passive Participle

From root 'śaṅk' (to fear, doubt) + participle suffix 'ita'.

Root: śaṅk (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `sarvāḥ`.

स्म (sma) - Here, `śaṅkitāḥ sma` means 'we are apprehensive'. (are (indicates past tense when used with present tense verb, or present state for participle))

(indeclinable)

सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - Refers to the collective 'we' (implied in `sma` or previous speakers). (all, everyone)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

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