वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-34, verse-4

उपकारं कृतं वीरो नाप्ययं विस्मृतः कपिः ।
रामेण वीर सुग्रीवो यदन्यैर्दुष्करं रणे ॥४॥

4. upakāraṃ kṛtaṃ vīro nāpyayaṃ vismṛtaḥ kapiḥ ,
rāmeṇa vīra sugrīvo yadanyairduṣkaraṃ raṇe.

4. upakāram kṛtam vīraḥ na api ayam vismṛtaḥ kapiḥ
rāmeṇa vīra sugrīvaḥ yat anyaiḥ duṣkaram raṇe

4. vīra ayam kapiḥ vīraḥ sugrīvaḥ rāmeṇa kṛtam
upakāram na api vismṛtaḥ yat raṇe anyaiḥ duṣkaram

4. O hero (Lakshmana), this valiant monkey (Sugriva) has certainly not forgotten the help rendered by Rama, an act that would have been difficult for others to accomplish in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• उपकारम् (upakāram) - help, favor, benefit

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, performed

• वीरः (vīraḥ) - referring to Sugriva (the hero)

• न (na) - not

• अपि (api) - indeed, even

• अयम् (ayam) - referring to Sugriva (this one, he)

• विस्मृतः (vismṛtaḥ) - forgotten

• कपिः (kapiḥ) - referring to Sugriva (the monkey)

• रामेण (rāmeṇa) - by Rama

• वीर (vīra) - referring to Lakshmana (O hero)

• सुग्रीवः (sugrīvaḥ) - Sugriva

• यत् (yat) - referring to the 'upakāram' (help) (which, that)

• अन्यैः (anyaiḥ) - by others

• दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - difficult to do, hard to accomplish

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

Words meanings and morphology

उपकारम् (upakāram) - help, favor, benefit

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upakāra

upakāra - help, favor, benefit, service

Prefix: upa

Root: kṛ (class 8)

कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, performed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed

Past Passive Participle

from kṛ (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'upakāram'.

वीरः (vīraḥ) - referring to Sugriva (the hero)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - indeed, even

(indeclinable)

अयम् (ayam) - referring to Sugriva (this one, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, he, she, it

विस्मृतः (vismṛtaḥ) - forgotten

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vismṛta

vismṛta - forgotten, neglected

Past Passive Participle

from vi-smṛ (to forget)

Prefix: vi

Root: smṛ (class 1)

कपिः (kapiḥ) - referring to Sugriva (the monkey)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kapi

kapi - monkey, ape

रामेण (rāmeṇa) - by Rama

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (name of the hero of Ramayana)

वीर (vīra) - referring to Lakshmana (O hero)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior

सुग्रीवः (sugrīvaḥ) - Sugriva

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sugrīva

sugrīva - Sugriva (name of the monkey king, lit. 'one with a beautiful neck')

यत् (yat) - referring to the 'upakāram' (help) (which, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

अन्यैः (anyaiḥ) - by others

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, another

दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - difficult to do, hard to accomplish

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duṣkara

duṣkara - difficult to do, hard to accomplish, arduous

Gerundive/Kṛtya

from dus (badly/difficult) + kṛ (to do) + a (suffix)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dus+kara)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill-
  indeclinable
  prefix
• kara – making, doing, act, doer
  noun (masculine)
  from kṛ (to do, make) + a (suffix)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'yat'.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat

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