वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-34, verse-3

नैवाकृतज्ञः सुग्रीवो न शठो नापि दारुणः ।
नैवानृतकथो वीर न जिह्मश्च कपीश्वरः ॥३॥

3. naivākṛtajñaḥ sugrīvo na śaṭho nāpi dāruṇaḥ ,
naivānṛtakatho vīra na jihmaśca kapīśvaraḥ.

3. na eva akṛtajñaḥ sugrīvaḥ na śaṭhaḥ na api dāruṇaḥ
na eva anṛtakathaḥ vīra na jihmaḥ ca kapīśvaraḥ

3. vīra sugrīvaḥ na eva akṛtajñaḥ na śaṭhaḥ na api
dāruṇaḥ kapīśvaraḥ na eva anṛtakathaḥ ca na jihmaḥ

3. O hero (Lakshmana), Sugriva is neither ungrateful, nor cunning, nor cruel. The lord of the monkeys is certainly not one who speaks falsely, nor is he dishonest.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly

• अकृतज्ञः (akṛtajñaḥ) - ungrateful, unappreciative

• सुग्रीवः (sugrīvaḥ) - Sugriva

• न (na) - nor

• शठः (śaṭhaḥ) - cunning, deceitful

• न (na) - nor

• अपि (api) - indeed, even

• दारुणः (dāruṇaḥ) - cruel, harsh

• न (na) - not

• एव (eva) - certainly

• अनृतकथः (anṛtakathaḥ) - one whose speech is untrue, a liar

• वीर (vīra) - referring to Lakshmana (O hero)

• न (na) - nor

• जिह्मः (jihmaḥ) - crooked, dishonest

• च (ca) - and

• कपीश्वरः (kapīśvaraḥ) - referring to Sugriva (lord of monkeys, monkey king)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

अकृतज्ञः (akṛtajñaḥ) - ungrateful, unappreciative

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of akṛtajña

akṛtajña - ungrateful, unappreciative (lit. not knowing what has been done)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (a+kṛta+jña)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from kṛ (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• jña – knowing, understanding
  adjective (masculine)
  from jñā (to know) + ka
  Root: jñā (class 9)

सुग्रीवः (sugrīvaḥ) - Sugriva

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sugrīva

sugrīva - Sugriva (name of the monkey king, lit. 'one with a beautiful neck')

न (na) - nor

(indeclinable)

शठः (śaṭhaḥ) - cunning, deceitful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śaṭha

śaṭha - cunning, deceitful, wicked, rogue

न (na) - nor

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - indeed, even

(indeclinable)

दारुणः (dāruṇaḥ) - cruel, harsh

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dāruṇa

dāruṇa - cruel, harsh, dreadful, severe

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - certainly

(indeclinable)

अनृतकथः (anṛtakathaḥ) - one whose speech is untrue, a liar

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anṛtakatha

anṛtakatha - one who speaks untruth, a liar

Compound type : bahuvrihi (anṛta+katha)

• anṛta – untruth, false, lie
  noun (neuter)
  from a (not) + ṛta (truth)
• katha – speech, tale, story
  noun (feminine)

वीर (vīra) - referring to Lakshmana (O hero)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior

न (na) - nor

(indeclinable)

जिह्मः (jihmaḥ) - crooked, dishonest

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jihma

jihma - crooked, oblique, dishonest, sly, deceitful

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

कपीश्वरः (kapīśvaraḥ) - referring to Sugriva (lord of monkeys, monkey king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kapīśvara

kapīśvara - lord of monkeys, monkey king

Compound type : tatpurusha (kapi+īśvara)

• kapi – monkey, ape
  noun (masculine)
• īśvara – lord, master, ruler
  noun (masculine)

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