वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-34, verse-16

अहत्वा तांश्च दुर्धर्षान् राक्षसान् कामरूपिणः ।
न शक्यो रावणो हन्तुं येन सा मैथिली हृता ॥१६॥

16. ahatvā tāṃśca durdharṣān rākṣasān kāmarūpiṇaḥ ,
na śakyo rāvaṇo hantuṃ yena sā maithilī hṛtā.

16. ahatvā tān ca durdharṣān rākṣasān kāmarūpiṇaḥ
na śakyaḥ rāvaṇaḥ hantum yena sā maithilī hṛtā

16. yena sā maithilī hṛtā,
tān ca durdharṣān kāmarūpiṇaḥ rākṣasān ahatvā,
rāvaṇaḥ hantum na śakyaḥ

16. Without first killing those unassailable Rākṣasas who can change their forms at will, it is not possible to kill Rāvaṇa, by whom Maithilī (Sītā) was carried off.

Words meanings summery:

• अहत्वा (ahatvā) - without having killed, not having killed

• तान् (tān) - those Rākṣasas (them, those (masculine))

• च (ca) - and

• दुर्धर्षान् (durdharṣān) - unassailable, invincible, difficult to overpower

• राक्षसान् (rākṣasān) - Rākṣasas, demons

• कामरूपिणः (kāmarūpiṇaḥ) - shapeshifters, assuming any form at will

• न (na) - not

• शक्यः (śakyaḥ) - possible, able, capable of

• रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Rāvaṇa

• हन्तुम् (hantum) - to kill

• येन (yena) - by Rāvaṇa (by whom, by which)

• सा (sā) - she (Sītā) (she, that (feminine))

• मैथिली (maithilī) - Maithilī, Sītā (princess of Mithilā)

• हृता (hṛtā) - seized, carried off, stolen

Words meanings and morphology

अहत्वा (ahatvā) - without having killed, not having killed

(indeclinable)

negative absolutive/gerund

Formed from the negative prefix 'a-' and the absolutive form of √han (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)

तान् (tān) - those Rākṣasas (them, those (masculine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

दुर्धर्षान् (durdharṣān) - unassailable, invincible, difficult to overpower

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of durdharṣa

durdharṣa - unassailable, invincible, difficult to attack or overpower

Formed with prefix dur (difficult) and √dhṛṣ (to be bold, daring).

Prefix: dur

Root: dhṛṣ (class 1)

राक्षसान् (rākṣasān) - Rākṣasas, demons

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - a Rākṣasa, demon, evil being

कामरूपिणः (kāmarūpiṇaḥ) - shapeshifters, assuming any form at will

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kāmarūpin

kāmarūpin - assuming any shape at will, shapeshifting, able to change form as desired

Compound of 'kāma' (desire) and 'rūpin' (having form).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kāma+rūpin)

• kāma – desire, wish, longing
  noun (masculine)
• rūpin – having a form, endowed with beauty, resembling
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from 'rūpa' (form) with the possessive suffix '-in'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

शक्यः (śakyaḥ) - possible, able, capable of

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakya

śakya - possible, capable, fit to be done, practicable

gerundive/future passive participle

Derived from the root √śak (to be able) with the suffix -ya.

Root: śak (class 5)

रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Rāvaṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Rāvaṇa (the demon king of Lankā)

हन्तुम् (hantum) - to kill

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Formed from the root √han (to strike, kill) with the infinitive suffix -tum.

Root: han (class 2)

येन (yena) - by Rāvaṇa (by whom, by which)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, by whom/which (instr. sg.)

सा (sā) - she (Sītā) (she, that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

मैथिली (maithilī) - Maithilī, Sītā (princess of Mithilā)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of maithilī

maithilī - a woman of Mithilā, princess of Mithilā, Sītā

Derived from 'Mithilā' (name of Janaka's city) with a feminine patronymic suffix.

हृता (hṛtā) - seized, carried off, stolen

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of √hṛ-ta

√hṛ-ta - taken, carried, stolen, abducted

past passive participle

Derived from the root √hṛ (to take, carry) with the past passive participle suffix -ta.

Root: hṛ (class 1)

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