वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-15, verse-12

नासहायमहं मन्ये सुग्रीवं तमिहागतम् ।
अवष्टब्धसहायश्च यमाश्रित्यैष गर्जति ॥१२॥

12. nāsahāyamahaṃ manye sugrīvaṃ tamihāgatam ,
avaṣṭabdhasahāyaśca yamāśrityaiṣa garjati.

12. na asahāyam aham manye sugrīvam tam iha āgatam
avaṣṭabdhahāyaḥ ca yam āśritya eṣaḥ garjati

12. aham iha āgatam tam sugrīvam asahāyam na manye.
ca yam āśritya eṣaḥ garjati (saḥ) avaṣṭabdhahāyaḥ (asti)

12. I do not believe that Sugrīva has come here without support. The one upon whom he relies, and due to whom he roars, is indeed a firm ally.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not

• असहायम् (asahāyam) - without external support (helpless, without aid)

• अहम् (aham) - Vāli speaking (I)

• मन्ये (manye) - I think, I consider, I believe

• सुग्रीवम् (sugrīvam) - Sugrīva

• तम् (tam) - Sugrīva (him)

• इह (iha) - here

• आगतम् (āgatam) - Sugrīva, who has arrived (having come, arrived)

• अवष्टब्धहायः (avaṣṭabdhahāyaḥ) - Sugrīva is strongly supported (one with firm support, strongly supported)

• च (ca) - and, also

• यम् (yam) - Rāma (whom)

• आश्रित्य (āśritya) - relying on Rāma (having resorted to, relying upon)

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - Sugrīva (this one)

• गर्जति (garjati) - roars in defiance (roars, shouts)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'manye'.

असहायम् (asahāyam) - without external support (helpless, without aid)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of asahāya

asahāya - helpless, friendless, solitary, without aid

Negative prefix 'a-' + sahāya

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sahāya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• sahāya – helper, companion, aid
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: saha
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'Sugrīvam'.

अहम् (aham) - Vāli speaking (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Subject of 'manye'.

मन्ये (manye) - I think, I consider, I believe

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of man

Present Middle

Root: man (class 4)

सुग्रीवम् (sugrīvam) - Sugrīva

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sugrīva

sugrīva - Sugrīva (name of a monkey king)

Note: Object of 'manye'.

तम् (tam) - Sugrīva (him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Sugrīva.

इह (iha) - here

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of place.

आगतम् (āgatam) - Sugrīva, who has arrived (having come, arrived)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - arrived, come, returned

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root gam (to go) with prefix ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'Sugrīvam'.

अवष्टब्धहायः (avaṣṭabdhahāyaḥ) - Sugrīva is strongly supported (one with firm support, strongly supported)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avaṣṭabdhahāya

avaṣṭabdhahāya - one whose help is firm, having strong support

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (avaṣṭabdha+sahāya)

• avaṣṭabdha – firmly fixed, supported, restrained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root stambh (to support, fix) with prefix ava-
  Prefix: ava
  Root: stambh (class 9)
• sahāya – helper, companion, aid, support
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: saha
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Predicate nominative for the implied 'eṣaḥ'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two parts of the sentence.

यम् (yam) - Rāma (whom)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Object of 'āśritya'.

आश्रित्य (āśritya) - relying on Rāma (having resorted to, relying upon)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root śri (to resort to, serve) with prefix ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Explains the reason for Sugrīva's roaring.

एषः (eṣaḥ) - Sugrīva (this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this here

Note: Subject of 'garjati'.

गर्जति (garjati) - roars in defiance (roars, shouts)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of garj

Present Active

Root: garj (class 1)