वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-13, verse-27

ते गत्वा दूरमध्वानं तस्मात् सप्तजनाश्रमात् ।
ददृशुस्तां दुराधर्षां किष्किन्धां वालिपालिताम् ॥२७॥

27. te gatvā dūramadhvānaṃ tasmāt saptajanāśramāt ,
dadṛśustāṃ durādharṣāṃ kiṣkindhāṃ vālipālitām.

27. te gatvā dūram adhvānam tasmāt saptajanāśramāt
dadṛśuḥ tām durādharṣām kiṣkindhām vālipālitām

27. te tasmāt saptajanāśramāt dūram adhvānam gatvā
vālipālitām durādharṣām tām kiṣkindhām dadṛśuḥ

27. They, having traveled a long distance from that hermitage (āśrama) of the seven sages, saw that impregnable Kishkindha, which was protected by Vali.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - Rama, Lakshmana, Sugriva, and the monkeys. (they)

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone, having proceeded

• दूरम् (dūram) - far, distant, a long distance

• अध्वानम् (adhvānam) - a long journey. (path, road, journey)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from that, thence

• सप्तजनाश्रमात् (saptajanāśramāt) - Referring to the specific hermitage where they had been. (from the hermitage (āśrama) of the seven sages)

• ददृशुः (dadṛśuḥ) - they saw, they beheld

• ताम् (tām) - Refers to Kishkindha. (that (feminine))

• दुराधर्षाम् (durādharṣām) - Describing the city of Kishkindha. (impregnable, difficult to attack, unassailable)

• किष्किन्धाम् (kiṣkindhām) - The capital city of the monkey kingdom. (Kishkindha)

• वालिपालिताम् (vālipālitām) - Referring to Kishkindha being under Vali's rule. (protected by Vali)

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - Rama, Lakshmana, Sugriva, and the monkeys. (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the group mentioned in the previous verse.

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone, having proceeded

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

Derived from root `√gam` (to go) with suffix `-tvā`.

Root: √gam (class 1)

दूरम् (dūram) - far, distant, a long distance

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dūra

dūra - far, distant

Also functions as an adverbial accusative.

Note: Adverbial usage

अध्वानम् (adhvānam) - a long journey. (path, road, journey)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of adhvan

adhvan - road, path, journey

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from that, thence

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, those

सप्तजनाश्रमात् (saptajanāśramāt) - Referring to the specific hermitage where they had been. (from the hermitage (āśrama) of the seven sages)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of saptajanāśrama

saptajanāśrama - hermitage (āśrama) of the seven sages

Compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (saptajan+āśrama)

• saptajan – seven people, seven sages
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from sapta (seven) and jana (person).
• āśrama – hermitage, stage of life
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: √śram (class 4)

ददृशुः (dadṛśuḥ) - they saw, they beheld

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of √dṛś

Perfect Active

3rd person plural Perfect Active of `√dṛś`. Root undergoes reduplication (`da-dṛś-uḥ` -> `dadṛśuḥ`).

Root: √dṛś (class 1)

ताम् (tām) - Refers to Kishkindha. (that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, those

दुराधर्षाम् (durādharṣām) - Describing the city of Kishkindha. (impregnable, difficult to attack, unassailable)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of durādharṣa

durādharṣa - impregnable, difficult to attack

Gerundive (kṛtya) form, derived from `√dhṛṣ` (to be bold) with prefix `dur-ā`.

`dur` (difficult) + `ā` (towards) + `√dhṛṣ` (to dare, assault) + `-ya` suffix for gerundive (potential passive participle). Here used as an adjective.

Prefixes: dur+ā

Root: √dhṛṣ (class 5)

किष्किन्धाम् (kiṣkindhām) - The capital city of the monkey kingdom. (Kishkindha)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kiṣkindhā

kiṣkindhā - Kishkindha (a proper name, name of the monkey kingdom's capital)

वालिपालिताम् (vālipālitām) - Referring to Kishkindha being under Vali's rule. (protected by Vali)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vālipālita

vālipālita - protected by Vali

Compound

Compound `Vāli` (proper noun) + `pālita` (protected, Past Passive Participle of `√pā`).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vāli+pālita)

• vāli – Vali (name of the monkey king)
  proper noun (masculine)
• pālita – protected, guarded, ruled
  adjective (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root `√pā` (to protect, rule) with suffix `-ita`.
  Root: √pā (class 2)

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