वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-13, verse-11

वने वनचरांश्चान्यान् खेचरांश्च विहंगमान् ।
पश्यन्तस्त्वरिता जग्मुः सुग्रीववशवर्तिनः ॥११॥

11. vane vanacarāṃścānyān khecarāṃśca vihaṃgamān ,
paśyantastvaritā jagmuḥ sugrīvavaśavartinaḥ.

11. vane vanacarān ca anyān khecarān ca vihaṅgamān
paśyantaḥ tvaritāḥ jagmuḥ sugrīvavaśavartinaḥ

11. सुग्रीववशवर्तिनः (ते) त्वरिताः वने अन्यान्
वनचरान् च खेचरान् च विहंगमान् पश्यन्तः जग्मुः

11. Seeing other forest-dwelling animals and sky-dwelling birds in the forest, those who were under Sugrīva's command quickly proceeded.

Words meanings summery:

• वने (vane) - in the forest

• वनचरान् (vanacarān) - forest-dwellers, animals living in the forest

• च (ca) - and, also

• अन्यान् (anyān) - other, different

• खेचरान् (khecarān) - sky-dwellers, moving in the sky, birds

• च (ca) - and, also

• विहङ्गमान् (vihaṅgamān) - birds

• पश्यन्तः (paśyantaḥ) - seeing, observing

• त्वरिताः (tvaritāḥ) - hurried, swift, quickly

• जग्मुः (jagmuḥ) - they went, they proceeded

• सुग्रीववशवर्तिनः (sugrīvavaśavartinaḥ) - those who are under Sugrīva's control/command

Words meanings and morphology

वने (vane) - in the forest

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

वनचरान् (vanacarān) - forest-dwellers, animals living in the forest

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vanacara

vanacara - forest-dwelling (creature)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vana+cara)

• vana – forest, wood
  noun (neuter)
• cara – moving, wandering, dweller
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Agent noun from √car (to move).
  Root: car (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अन्यान् (anyān) - other, different

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, different, another

खेचरान् (khecarān) - sky-dwellers, moving in the sky, birds

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of khecara

khecara - sky-dweller, bird (moving in the sky)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kha+cara)

• kha – sky, ether, space
  noun (neuter)
• cara – moving, wandering, dweller
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Agent noun from √car (to move).
  Root: car (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

विहङ्गमान् (vihaṅgamān) - birds

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vihaṅgama

vihaṅgama - bird (literally 'going in the sky')

पश्यन्तः (paśyantaḥ) - seeing, observing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of paśyat

paśyat - seeing, observing

Present Active Participle

Present Active Participle of √dṛś (to see), using the present stem paśya-.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

त्वरिताः (tvaritāḥ) - hurried, swift, quickly

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tvarita

tvarita - hurried, swift, quick

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of √tvar (to hurry).

Root: tvar (class 1)

जग्मुः (jagmuḥ) - they went, they proceeded

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (Lit) of gam

Root: gam (class 1)

सुग्रीववशवर्तिनः (sugrīvavaśavartinaḥ) - those who are under Sugrīva's control/command

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sugrīvavaśavartin

sugrīvavaśavartin - obedient to Sugrīva, subject to Sugrīva's command

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (Sugrīva+vaśa+vartin)

• Sugrīva – Sugrīva (name of the Vanara king)
  proper noun (masculine)
• vaśa – will, power, control, subjection
  noun (masculine)
• vartin – being, existing, acting, subject to
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Agent noun from √vṛt (to be, exist, turn).
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

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