वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-8, verse-3

त्रीण्येव व्यसनान्यत्र कामजानि भवन्त्युत ।
मिथ्या वाक्यं परमकं तस्माद्गुरुतराव् उभौ ।
परदाराभिगमनं विना वैरं च रौद्रता ॥३॥

3. trīṇyeva vyasanānyatra kāmajāni bhavantyuta ,
mithyā vākyaṃ paramakaṃ tasmādgurutarāv ubhau ,
paradārābhigamanaṃ vinā vairaṃ ca raudratā.

3. trīṇi eva vyasanāni atra kāmajāni
bhavanti uta mithyā vākyam paramakam
tasmāt gurutarau ubhau
paradārābhigamanam vinā vairam ca raudratā

3. atra kāmajāni trīṇi eva vyasanāni uta
bhavanti paramakam mithyā vākyam tasmāt
ubhau gurutarau [sthaḥ]:
paradārābhigamanam ca vinā vairam raudratā ca

3. Indeed, there are only three vices (vyasanāni) born of desire (kāmaja) here. The foremost is false speech. More grievous than that (tasmāt) are both these: adultery (paradārābhigamanam) and cruelty (raudratā) without enmity.

Words meanings summery:

• त्रीणि (trīṇi) - three

• एव (eva) - only (only, just, indeed, certainly)

• व्यसनानि (vyasanāni) - vices (vyasanāni) (vices, misfortunes, calamities, addictions)

• अत्र (atra) - here (here, in this place, in this matter)

• कामजानि (kāmajāni) - born of desire (kāmaja) (born of desire, lust-born)

• भवन्ति (bhavanti) - exist/are (they are, they become, they exist)

• उत (uta) - indeed (and, also, indeed, moreover)

• मिथ्या (mithyā) - false (falsely, wrongly, untrue, false)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - speech (speech, statement, word, sentence)

• परमकम् (paramakam) - foremost (foremost, supreme, highest)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - more grievous than that (implying comparison with false speech) (therefore, from that, hence)

• गुरुतरौ (gurutarau) - more grievous (more grievous, heavier, more important (dual))

• उभौ (ubhau) - both (these two) (both)

• परदाराभिगमनम् (paradārābhigamanam) - adultery (paradārābhigamanam) (going to another's wife, adultery)

• विना (vinā) - without (without, except)

• वैरम् (vairam) - enmity (enmity, hostility, hatred)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• रौद्रता (raudratā) - cruelty (raudratā) (fierceness, cruelty, terribleness)

Words meanings and morphology

त्रीणि (trīṇi) - three

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with vyasanāni.

एव (eva) - only (only, just, indeed, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

Note: Emphasizes "three".

व्यसनानि (vyasanāni) - vices (vyasanāni) (vices, misfortunes, calamities, addictions)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of vyasana

vyasana - vice, misfortune, calamity, addiction, downfall

From root as with prefix vi- and sa-.

Prefix: vi

Root: as (class 4)

Note: Subject of bhavanti.

अत्र (atra) - here (here, in this place, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

Locative of idam.

Note: Indicates location or context.

कामजानि (kāmajāni) - born of desire (kāmaja) (born of desire, lust-born)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of kāmaja

kāmaja - born of desire, produced by love or desire

Compound of kāma (desire) + ja (born).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāma+ja)

• kāma – desire, wish, love, sensual pleasure
  noun (masculine)
• ja – born, produced from, caused by
  adjective (masculine)
  From root jan (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Specifies the type of vices.

भवन्ति (bhavanti) - exist/are (they are, they become, they exist)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Root verb.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Expresses existence.

उत (uta) - indeed (and, also, indeed, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction/particle.

Note: Adds emphasis.

मिथ्या (mithyā) - false (falsely, wrongly, untrue, false)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mithyā

mithyā - falsely, wrongly, in vain, untrue, false

Often used adverbially, but here functions adjectivally.

Note: Qualifies vākyam.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - speech (speech, statement, word, sentence)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, statement, word, sentence, discourse

From root vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: First vice listed.

परमकम् (paramakam) - foremost (foremost, supreme, highest)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of paramaka

paramaka - foremost, supreme, highest, most excellent

Superlative form, or intensifier of parama.

Note: Agrees with vākyam.

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - more grievous than that (implying comparison with false speech) (therefore, from that, hence)

(indeclinable)

Ablative singular of tad.

Note: Functions as an adverb connecting sentences.

गुरुतरौ (gurutarau) - more grievous (more grievous, heavier, more important (dual))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of gurutara

gurutara - heavier, more weighty, more important, more grievous (comparative degree)

Comparative suffix -tara added to guru.

Note: Refers to the two subsequent vices.

उभौ (ubhau) - both (these two) (both)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ubha

ubha - both

Always used in dual.

Note: Subject.

परदाराभिगमनम् (paradārābhigamanam) - adultery (paradārābhigamanam) (going to another's wife, adultery)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of paradārābhigamana

paradārābhigamana - going to another's wife, adultery, illicit intercourse

Tatpurusha compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para+dāra+abhigamana)

• para – other, another, foreign
  adjective (masculine)
• dāra – wife (usually plural for singular meaning)
  noun (masculine)
• abhigamana – going to, approaching, sexual intercourse
  noun (neuter)
  Verbal Noun
  From prefix abhi- + root gam + suffix ana.
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Second vice listed.

विना (vinā) - without (without, except)

(indeclinable)

Preposition/adverb.

Note: Precedes vairam.

वैरम् (vairam) - enmity (enmity, hostility, hatred)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vaira

vaira - enmity, hostility, hatred, antagonism

From vīra (hero, hostile person).

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects paradārābhigamanam with raudratā.

रौद्रता (raudratā) - cruelty (raudratā) (fierceness, cruelty, terribleness)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of raudratā

raudratā - fierceness, cruelty, terribleness, ferocity

Formed from rudra (fierce, terrible) + suffix tā (feminine abstract noun).

Note: Third vice mentioned.