वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-8, verse-1

सुतीक्ष्णेनाभ्यनुज्ञातं प्रस्थितं रघुनन्दनम् ।
वैदेही स्निग्धया वाचा भर्तारमिदमब्रवीत् ॥१॥

1. sutīkṣṇenābhyanujñātaṃ prasthitaṃ raghunandanam ,
vaidehī snigdhayā vācā bhartāramidamabravīt.

1. sutīkṣṇena abhyanujñātam prasthitam raghunandanam
vaidehī snigdhayā vācā bhartāram idam abravīt

1. vaidehī snigdhayā vācā sutīkṣṇena abhyanujñātam
prasthitam raghunandanam bhartāram idam abravīt

1. Vaidehi, with tender words, spoke this to her husband (bhartā), Rama (raghunandanam), who had been permitted by Sutīkṣṇa and had set out.

Words meanings summery:

• सुतीक्ष्णेन (sutīkṣṇena) - by Sutīkṣṇa (name of a sage) (by Sutīkṣṇa)

• अभ्यनुज्ञातम् (abhyanujñātam) - who had been permitted (permitted, consented, given leave)

• प्रस्थितम् (prasthitam) - who had set out (set out, departed, gone forth)

• रघुनन्दनम् (raghunandanam) - Rama (raghunandanam) (delight of the Raghus, Rama)

• वैदेही (vaidehī) - Vaidehi (Sita) (Vaidehi (an epithet for Sita, princess of Videha))

• स्निग्धया (snigdhayā) - with tender (by tender, by affectionate, by smooth, by oily)

• वाचा (vācā) - with words (by word, by speech, by voice)

• भर्तारम् (bhartāram) - to her husband (bhartā) (husband, supporter, master)

• इदम् (idam) - this (referring to the speech) (this, this (neuter))

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (spoke, said)

Words meanings and morphology

सुतीक्ष्णेन (sutīkṣṇena) - by Sutīkṣṇa (name of a sage) (by Sutīkṣṇa)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sutīkṣṇa

sutīkṣṇa - Sutīkṣṇa (a sage in the Ramayana)

Note: Agent of abhyanujñātam.

अभ्यनुज्ञातम् (abhyanujñātam) - who had been permitted (permitted, consented, given leave)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of abhyanujñāta

abhyanujñāta - permitted, allowed, consented

Past Passive Participle

Formed from prefix abhi-anujñā (root jñā with anu- and abhi-).

Prefixes: abhi+anu

Root: jñā (class 9)

प्रस्थितम् (prasthitam) - who had set out (set out, departed, gone forth)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prasthita

prasthita - set out, departed, gone forth

Past Passive Participle

Formed from prefix pra- + root sthā + suffix kta.

Prefix: pra

Root: sthā (class 1)

रघुनन्दनम् (raghunandanam) - Rama (raghunandanam) (delight of the Raghus, Rama)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of raghunandana

raghunandana - delight of the Raghus, scion of Raghu, an epithet for Rama

Tatpurusha compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (raghu+nandana)

• raghu – Raghu (a legendary king of the Solar Dynasty, ancestor of Rama)
  proper noun (masculine)
• nandana – son, child, delight, rejoicer
  noun (masculine)
  From root nand (to rejoice)
  Root: nand (class 1)

Note: Object of abravīt, also modified by participles.

वैदेही (vaidehī) - Vaidehi (Sita) (Vaidehi (an epithet for Sita, princess of Videha))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vaidehī

vaidehī - Vaidehi (daughter of Videha, an epithet of Sita)

Patronymic/matronymic.

Note: Subject of abravīt.

स्निग्धया (snigdhayā) - with tender (by tender, by affectionate, by smooth, by oily)

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of snigdha

snigdha - tender, affectionate, smooth, oily, sticky

Past Passive Participle

From root snih (to be oily, to be fond of).

Root: snih (class 4)

वाचा (vācā) - with words (by word, by speech, by voice)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of vāc

vāc - speech, word, voice, language

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Indicates the means of speaking.

भर्तारम् (bhartāram) - to her husband (bhartā) (husband, supporter, master)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhartṛ

bhartṛ - husband, supporter, master, lord

Agent Noun

From root bhṛ (to bear, support).

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

Note: Direct object of abravīt.

इदम् (idam) - this (referring to the speech) (this, this (neuter))

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Direct object of abravīt.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (spoke, said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Root verb.

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Implies a past action.