वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-48, verse-8

अर्थं वा यदि वा कामं शिष्टाः शास्त्रेष्वनागतम् ।
व्यवस्यन्त्यनु राजानं धर्मं पौरस्त्यनन्दन ॥८॥

8. arthaṃ vā yadi vā kāmaṃ śiṣṭāḥ śāstreṣvanāgatam ,
vyavasyantyanu rājānaṃ dharmaṃ paurastyanandana.

8. artham vā yadi vā kāmam śiṣṭāḥ śāstreṣu anāgatam
vyavasyanti anu rājānam dharmam paurastyanandana

8. paurastyanandana śiṣṭāḥ śāstreṣu anāgatam artham vā yadi vā kāmam,
rājānam anu dharmam ca vyavasyanti.

8. O delight of the easterners, the wise (śiṣṭāḥ) establish the principles of material prosperity (artha), or indeed, pleasure (kāma)—even those not explicitly found in the scriptures—and they also determine the natural law (dharma) by following the king.

Words meanings summery:

• अर्थम् (artham) - purpose, wealth, meaning, object

• वा (vā) - or, and

• यदि (yadi) - if

• वा (vā) - or, and

• कामम् (kāmam) - desire, pleasure, love

• शिष्टाः (śiṣṭāḥ) - the wise, the cultured, the disciplined

• शास्त्रेषु (śāstreṣu) - in the scriptures, in the treatises

• अनागतम् (anāgatam) - not mentioned, not come, not present

• व्यवस्यन्ति (vyavasyanti) - they determine, decide, undertake

• अनु (anu) - following, according to

• राजानम् (rājānam) - the king

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness (dharma)

• पौरस्त्यनन्दन (paurastyanandana) - Addressing the king or a prominent figure from the eastern region. (O delight of the easterners)

Words meanings and morphology

अर्थम् (artham) - purpose, wealth, meaning, object

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, meaning, wealth, object, thing, material prosperity

वा (vā) - or, and

(indeclinable)

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - or, and

(indeclinable)

कामम् (kāmam) - desire, pleasure, love

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāma

kāma - desire, wish, love, pleasure, sensual gratification

शिष्टाः (śiṣṭāḥ) - the wise, the cultured, the disciplined

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śiṣṭa

śiṣṭa - disciplined, learned, cultured, well-behaved, wise

Past Passive Participle

From the root śiṣ (to instruct, discipline). Implies one who has been taught and is therefore learned/wise.

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

शास्त्रेषु (śāstreṣu) - in the scriptures, in the treatises

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of śāstra

śāstra - scripture, treatise, rule, science, manual

अनागतम् (anāgatam) - not mentioned, not come, not present

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anāgata

anāgata - not come, not arrived, not present, not mentioned, future

Past Passive Participle (negated)

Negated form of āgata ('come, arrived'). Formed from 'an' (negation) + 'ā' (prefix) + 'gam' (root) + 'kta' (suffix for PPP).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (an+āgata)

• an – not, non-
  indeclinable
• āgata – come, arrived, obtained
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root gam (to go) with prefix ā (towards).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'artham' and 'kāmam'.

व्यवस्यन्ति (vyavasyanti) - they determine, decide, undertake

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vyavasā

Derived from root so (to finish, to destroy, also used in 'to resolve') with prefixes vi and ava.

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: so (class 4)

अनु (anu) - following, according to

(indeclinable)

राजानम् (rājānam) - the king

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness (dharma)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, cosmic order, intrinsic nature

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

पौरस्त्यनन्दन (paurastyanandana) - Addressing the king or a prominent figure from the eastern region. (O delight of the easterners)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of paurastyanandana

paurastyanandana - delight of the easterners, son/joy of the eastern people

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (paurastya+nandana)

• paurastya – eastern, inhabitant of the east
  adjective (masculine)
• nandana – delighting, son, child, joy, delight
  noun (masculine)
  From root nand (to rejoice).
  Root: nand (class 1)