वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-48, verse-1

तं शब्दमवसुप्तस्य जटायुरथ शुश्रुवे ।
निरैक्षद् रावणं क्षिप्रं वैदेहीं च ददर्श सः ॥१॥

1. taṃ śabdamavasuptasya jaṭāyuratha śuśruve ,
niraikṣad rāvaṇaṃ kṣipraṃ vaidehīṃ ca dadarśa saḥ.

1. tam śabdam avasuptasya jaṭāyuḥ atha śuśruve
niraiṣkat rāvaṇam kṣipram vaidehīm ca dadarśa saḥ

1. jaṭāyuḥ atha avasuptasya tam śabdam śuśruve.
saḥ kṣipram rāvaṇam ca vaidehīm dadarśa niraiṣkat

1. Jaṭāyu then heard that cry from the sleeping Sītā. He quickly looked towards Rāvaṇa and saw Vaidehī (Sītā).

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - that, him, it

• शब्दम् (śabdam) - referring to Sītā's cry (sound, noise, cry, word)

• अवसुप्तस्य (avasuptasya) - of Sītā, who was likely in a state of shock or unconsciousness (of the sleeping one, of the unconscious one)

• जटायुः (jaṭāyuḥ) - Jaṭāyu

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now, next

• शुश्रुवे (śuśruve) - he heard, it was heard

• निरैष्कत् (niraiṣkat) - he looked out, he perceived

• रावणम् (rāvaṇam) - Rāvaṇa

• क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

• वैदेहीम् (vaidehīm) - Vaidehī (Sītā)

• च (ca) - and, also

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw, he beheld

• सः (saḥ) - referring to Jaṭāyu (he)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - that, him, it

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Demonstrative pronoun.

शब्दम् (śabdam) - referring to Sītā's cry (sound, noise, cry, word)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śabda

śabda - sound, noise, word, cry

Root: śabd (class 10)

अवसुप्तस्य (avasuptasya) - of Sītā, who was likely in a state of shock or unconsciousness (of the sleeping one, of the unconscious one)

(adjective)

Genitive, feminine, singular of avasupta

avasupta - asleep, sleeping, unconscious

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root 'svap' (to sleep) with prefix 'ava' and suffix '-ta'.

Prefix: ava

Root: svap (class 2)

Note: Used adjectivally to describe Sītā, implied feminine, though the base 'avasupta' is typically masculine/neuter.

जटायुः (jaṭāyuḥ) - Jaṭāyu

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jaṭāyu

jaṭāyu - Jaṭāyu (a mythical vulture)

u-ending masculine noun.

Note: Subject of the sentence.

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now, next

(indeclinable)

Particle indicating sequence or commencement.

शुश्रुवे (śuśruve) - he heard, it was heard

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past perfect (liṭ) of śru

Perfect tense

Third person singular, perfect tense, middle voice.

Root: śru (class 5)

निरैष्कत् (niraiṣkat) - he looked out, he perceived

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of īkṣ

Imperfect tense

Third person singular, imperfect tense, active voice. Root 'īkṣ' with prefix 'nir'.

Prefix: nir

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

रावणम् (rāvaṇam) - Rāvaṇa

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Rāvaṇa (the demon king of Lankā)

Root: ru (class 2)

Note: Object of 'looked' and 'saw'.

क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of the adjective 'kṣipra'.

Root: kṣip (class 6)

वैदेहीम् (vaidehīm) - Vaidehī (Sītā)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vaidehī

vaidehī - a princess of Videha (Mithila), Sītā

Feminine derivative of Videha (name of Janaka's kingdom).

Note: Object of 'saw'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw, he beheld

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of dṛś

Perfect tense

Third person singular, perfect tense, active voice.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - referring to Jaṭāyu (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Demonstrative pronoun.