वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-48, verse-16

सर्पमाशीविषं बद्ध्वा वस्त्रान्ते नावबुध्यसे ।
ग्रीवायां प्रतिमुक्तं च कालपाशं न पश्यसि ॥१६॥

16. sarpamāśīviṣaṃ baddhvā vastrānte nāvabudhyase ,
grīvāyāṃ pratimuktaṃ ca kālapāśaṃ na paśyasi.

16. sarpam āśīviṣam baddhvā vastra ante na avabudhyase
grīvāyām pratimuktam ca kālapāśam na paśyasi

16. āśīviṣam sarpam vastra ante baddhvā na avabudhyase
ca grīvāyām pratimuktam kālapāśam na paśyasi

16. Having tied a venomous snake to the end of your garment, you do not perceive it. And you do not see the noose of death (kālapāśa) hanging around your neck.

Words meanings summery:

• सर्पम् (sarpam) - a snake, serpent

• आशीविषम् (āśīviṣam) - venomous, poisoned-fanged

• बद्ध्वा (baddhvā) - having tied, having bound, having fastened

• वस्त्र (vastra) - garment, cloth, clothing

• अन्ते (ante) - at the end, on the edge, near

• न (na) - not

• अवबुध्यसे (avabudhyase) - you realize, you perceive, you understand

• ग्रीवायाम् (grīvāyām) - on the neck

• प्रतिमुक्तम् (pratimuktam) - tied, fastened, hanging down, discharged

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• कालपाशम् (kālapāśam) - noose of death, snare of time/death

• न (na) - not

• पश्यसि (paśyasi) - you see, you behold

Words meanings and morphology

सर्पम् (sarpam) - a snake, serpent

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sarpa

sarpa - snake, serpent, creeping animal

From √sṛp (to creep, crawl).

Root: sṛp (class 1)

Note: Object of 'baddhvā'.

आशीविषम् (āśīviṣam) - venomous, poisoned-fanged

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āśīviṣa

āśīviṣa - having venom in its fangs, venomous, a venomous snake

Bahuvrīhi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (āśī+viṣa)

• āśī – fang, serpent's tooth, blessing
  noun (feminine)
• viṣa – poison, venom, toxin
  noun (neuter)

बद्ध्वा (baddhvā) - having tied, having bound, having fastened

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from √bandh (to bind) with the -tvā suffix.

Root: bandh (class 9)

वस्त्र (vastra) - garment, cloth, clothing

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of vastra

vastra - garment, cloth, dress

Note: Contextually functions as the genitive within the compound 'vastrānte'.

अन्ते (ante) - at the end, on the edge, near

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of anta

anta - end, edge, border, vicinity, proximity

Note: Forms a locative adverbial phrase when compounded with 'vastra'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

अवबुध्यसे (avabudhyase) - you realize, you perceive, you understand

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of avabudh

From ava- + √budh (to know, wake), 4th class verb.

Prefix: ava

Root: budh (class 4)

ग्रीवायाम् (grīvāyām) - on the neck

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of grīvā

grīvā - neck, nape of the neck

प्रतिमुक्तम् (pratimuktam) - tied, fastened, hanging down, discharged

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pratimukta

pratimukta - tied, fastened, put on, hanging down, released, discharged

Past Passive Participle

From prati- + √muc (to release, let go).

Prefix: prati

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Functions as an adjective for 'kālapāśam'.

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

कालपाशम् (kālapāśam) - noose of death, snare of time/death

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kālapāśa

kālapāśa - the noose of time, the snare of death (often associated with Yama)

Compound word.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāla+pāśa)

• kāla – time, death, destiny, fate
  noun (masculine)
• pāśa – noose, snare, fetter, bond
  noun (masculine)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

पश्यसि (paśyasi) - you see, you behold

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Present stem from √dṛś

The present stem 'paśya' is derived from √dṛś (to see), class 1.

Root: dṛś (class 1)