वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-30, verse-17

दशवर्षसहस्राणि तपस्तप्त्वा महावने ।
पुरा स्वयम्भुवे धीरः शिरांस्युपजहार यः ॥१७॥

17. daśavarṣasahasrāṇi tapastaptvā mahāvane ,
purā svayambhuve dhīraḥ śirāṃsyupajahāra yaḥ.

17. daśavarṣasahastrāṇi tapas taptvā mahāvane
purā svayambhuve dhīraḥ śirāṃsi upajahāra yaḥ

17. yaḥ dhīraḥ purā mahāvane daśavarṣasahastrāṇi
tapas taptvā svayambhuve śirāṃsi upajahāra

17. He, the resolute one, who long ago, after performing severe spiritual discipline (tapas) in a great forest for ten thousand years, offered his heads to Svayambhu (Brahma).

Words meanings summery:

• दशवर्षसहस्त्राणि (daśavarṣasahastrāṇi) - for ten thousand years (ten thousand years)

• तपस् (tapas) - asceticism (tapas) (asceticism, severe spiritual discipline, penance)

• तप्त्वा (taptvā) - having performed (asceticism) (having performed (austerities), having heated)

• महावने (mahāvane) - in a great forest

• पुरा (purā) - long ago (formerly, anciently, long ago)

• स्वयम्भुवे (svayambhuve) - to Svayambhu (Brahma) (to Svayambhu (Brahma, the self-existent one))

• धीरः (dhīraḥ) - the resolute one (resolute, firm, brave, steady)

• शिरांसि (śirāṁsi) - his heads (heads (plural))

• उपजहार (upajahāra) - offered (offered, presented, brought near)

• यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which)

Words meanings and morphology

दशवर्षसहस्त्राणि (daśavarṣasahastrāṇi) - for ten thousand years (ten thousand years)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of daśavarṣasahasra

daśavarṣasahasra - ten thousand years

Compound 'daśa-varṣa-sahasra'.

Compound type : tatpurusha (daśa+varṣa+sahasra)

• daśa – ten
  numeral
• varṣa – year, rain, rainy season
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'vṛṣ' (to rain).
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)
• sahasra – thousand
  numeral (neuter)

Note: Indicates duration.

तपस् (tapas) - asceticism (tapas) (asceticism, severe spiritual discipline, penance)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, pain, suffering, asceticism, penance, severe spiritual discipline

From root 'tap' (to heat, to be hot, to perform penance).

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: This is an internal object, often paired with 'taptvā' or similar verbs meaning 'to perform'.

तप्त्वा (taptvā) - having performed (asceticism) (having performed (austerities), having heated)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

From root 'tap' (to heat, perform penance) with suffix 'ktvā'.

Root: tap (class 1)

महावने (mahāvane) - in a great forest

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of mahāvana

mahāvana - great forest, extensive wilderness

Compound 'mahā' (great) + 'vana' (forest).

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahā+vana)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  indeclinable
• vana – forest, wood, thicket, garden
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'van' (to love, serve).
  Root: van (class 1)

Note: Indicates location.

पुरा (purā) - long ago (formerly, anciently, long ago)

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

स्वयम्भुवे (svayambhuve) - to Svayambhu (Brahma) (to Svayambhu (Brahma, the self-existent one))

(proper noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of svayambhū

svayambhū - self-existent, self-born; an epithet of Brahma, Shiva, Vishnu, Kama

Compound 'svayam' (self) + 'bhū' (becoming).

Compound type : tatpurusha (svayam+bhū)

• svayam – self, by oneself
  indeclinable
• bhū – being, existence; earth; to become
  noun (feminine)
  From root 'bhū' (to be, become).
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Indicates recipient.

धीरः (dhīraḥ) - the resolute one (resolute, firm, brave, steady)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhīra

dhīra - resolute, firm, steady, brave, wise, calm

From 'dhī' (thought, understanding).

Root: dhī

Note: Agrees with 'yaḥ'.

शिरांसि (śirāṁsi) - his heads (heads (plural))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of śiras

śiras - head, skull, top

Root: śri

Note: Object of 'upajahāra'.

उपजहार (upajahāra) - offered (offered, presented, brought near)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of upajahāra

Perfect tense (Liṭ)

From 'upa-√hṛ' (to bring near, offer).

Prefix: upa

Root: hṛ (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Relative pronoun, subject of 'upajahāra'.