वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-24, verse-5

स तेषां यातुधानानां मध्ये रतो गतः खरः ।
बभूव मध्ये ताराणां लोहिताङ्ग इवोदितः ॥५॥

5. sa teṣāṃ yātudhānānāṃ madhye rato gataḥ kharaḥ ,
babhūva madhye tārāṇāṃ lohitāṅga ivoditaḥ.

5. sa teṣām yātudhānānām madhye rataḥ gataḥ kharaḥ
babhūva madhye tārāṇām lohitāṅgaḥ iva uditaḥ

5. sa kharaḥ teṣām yātudhānānām madhye rataḥ gataḥ
(san) babhūva tārāṇām madhye uditaḥ lohitāṅgaḥ iva

5. Khara, standing amidst those Rākṣasas, appeared like the planet Mars (lohitāṅga) risen among the stars.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he (he, that)

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them (referring to the Rākṣasas) (of them, among them)

• यातुधानानाम् (yātudhānānām) - of the Rākṣasas (of the demons, of the Rākṣasas)

• मध्ये (madhye) - among (in the middle, among, between)

• रतः (rataḥ) - situated (among) (delighted, engaged, attached, situated)

• गतः (gataḥ) - situated, standing (gone, having gone, reached, situated)

• खरः (kharaḥ) - Khara (proper noun) (Khara (proper noun), sharp, fierce)

• बभूव (babhūva) - he appeared, he was (he became, he was)

• मध्ये (madhye) - among (in the middle, among, between)

• ताराणाम् (tārāṇām) - of the stars

• लोहिताङ्गः (lohitāṅgaḥ) - the planet Mars (lohitāṅga) (red-limbed, the planet Mars)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as if)

• उदितः (uditaḥ) - risen (risen, appeared, ascended)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Khara.

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them (referring to the Rākṣasas) (of them, among them)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Modifies 'yātudhānānām'.

यातुधानानाम् (yātudhānānām) - of the Rākṣasas (of the demons, of the Rākṣasas)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of yātudhāna

yātudhāna - demon, Rākṣasa

Note: Governed by 'madhye'.

मध्ये (madhye) - among (in the middle, among, between)

(indeclinable)

Note: Locative singular of 'madhya' used as an indeclinable preposition.

रतः (rataḥ) - situated (among) (delighted, engaged, attached, situated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rata

rata - delighted, engaged, attached

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root 'ram' (to delight, be pleased)

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'kharaḥ'.

गतः (gataḥ) - situated, standing (gone, having gone, reached, situated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, reached, passed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root 'gam' (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'kharaḥ'.

खरः (kharaḥ) - Khara (proper noun) (Khara (proper noun), sharp, fierce)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of khara

khara - Khara (a Rākṣasa leader), sharp, fierce

Note: Subject of the sentence.

बभूव (babhūva) - he appeared, he was (he became, he was)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Perfect tense, 3rd person singular.

मध्ये (madhye) - among (in the middle, among, between)

(indeclinable)

Note: Locative singular of 'madhya' used as an indeclinable preposition.

ताराणाम् (tārāṇām) - of the stars

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of tārā

tārā - star

Note: Governed by 'madhye'.

लोहिताङ्गः (lohitāṅgaḥ) - the planet Mars (lohitāṅga) (red-limbed, the planet Mars)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lohitāṅga

lohitāṅga - red-bodied, the planet Mars

Compound: lohita (red) + aṅga (body, limb)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (lohita+aṅga)

• lohita – red
  adjective
• aṅga – limb, body, part
  noun (neuter)

Note: Compares Khara to Mars.

इव (iva) - like (like, as if)

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates comparison.

उदितः (uditaḥ) - risen (risen, appeared, ascended)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of udita

udita - risen, appeared, spoken

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root 'īr' (to move, rise) with prefix 'ud'

Prefix: ud

Root: īr (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'lohitāṅgaḥ'.