वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-24, verse-1

अवष्टब्धधनुं रामं क्रुद्धं च रिपुघातिनम् ।
ददर्शाश्रममागम्य खरः सह पुरःसरैः ॥१॥

1. avaṣṭabdhadhanuṃ rāmaṃ kruddhaṃ ca ripughātinam ,
dadarśāśramamāgamya kharaḥ saha puraḥsaraiḥ.

1. avaṣṭabdhadhanum rāmam kruddham ca ripudhātinam
dadarśa āśramam āgamya kharaḥ saha puraḥsaraiḥ

1. kharaḥ puraḥsaraiḥ saha āśramam āgamya avaṣṭabdhadhanum
kruddham ca ripudhātinam rāmam dadarśa

1. Khara, having arrived at the hermitage with his vanguard, saw Rāma, who was holding his bow firmly, enraged, and a slayer of enemies.

Words meanings summery:

• अवष्टब्धधनुम् (avaṣṭabdhadhanum) - holding his bow firmly (holding a firm bow, whose bow is fixed)

• रामम् (rāmam) - Rāma

• क्रुद्धम् (kruddham) - enraged (enraged, angry, furious)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• रिपुधातिनम् (ripudhātinam) - a slayer of enemies (enemy-slayer, killer of foes)

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw (he saw, he beheld)

• आश्रमम् (āśramam) - hermitage (hermitage, retreat)

• आगम्य (āgamya) - having arrived (having come, having approached, arriving)

• खरः (kharaḥ) - Khara (Khara (proper noun), sharp, cruel, donkey)

• सह (saha) - with (with, together with)

• पुरःसरैः (puraḥsaraiḥ) - by his vanguard (soldiers going ahead) (by the vanguard, by the leading ones)

Words meanings and morphology

अवष्टब्धधनुम् (avaṣṭabdhadhanum) - holding his bow firmly (holding a firm bow, whose bow is fixed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of avaṣṭabdhadhanu

avaṣṭabdhadhanu - whose bow is fixed, holding a firm bow

Compound type : bahuvrihi (avaṣṭabdha+dhanus)

• avaṣṭabdha – fixed, restrained, supported
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Root 'stambh' with upasarga 'ava'
  Prefix: ava
  Root: stambh (class 9)
• dhanus – bow
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with Rāma.

रामम् (rāmam) - Rāma

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (proper noun), pleasing, beautiful

क्रुद्धम् (kruddham) - enraged (enraged, angry, furious)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - enraged, angry, furious

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'krudh' (to be angry)

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with Rāma.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

रिपुधातिनम् (ripudhātinam) - a slayer of enemies (enemy-slayer, killer of foes)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ripudhātin

ripudhātin - destroying foes, slayer of enemies

Compound type : tatpurusha (ripu+dhātin)

• ripu – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• dhātin – destroyer, killer
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from root 'han' with suffix '-in'
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with Rāma.

ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw (he saw, he beheld)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of dṛś

Perfect tense, Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular

Root: dṛś (class 1)

आश्रमम् (āśramam) - hermitage (hermitage, retreat)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āśrama

āśrama - hermitage, monastic retreat, a stage of life (āśrama)

आगम्य (āgamya) - having arrived (having come, having approached, arriving)

(indeclinable)

Gerund/Absolutive

Formed from root 'gam' with upasarga 'ā' and suffix '-ya'

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

खरः (kharaḥ) - Khara (Khara (proper noun), sharp, cruel, donkey)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of khara

khara - Khara (proper noun), sharp, cruel, donkey

सह (saha) - with (with, together with)

(indeclinable)

Note: Governs instrumental case.

पुरःसरैः (puraḥsaraiḥ) - by his vanguard (soldiers going ahead) (by the vanguard, by the leading ones)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of puraḥsara

puraḥsara - going before, leading, vanguard

Compound type : tatpurusha (puras+sara)

• puras – before, in front
  indeclinable
• sara – going, moving
  adjective
  Derived from root 'sṛ' (to go)
  Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: Used with 'saha'.