वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-24, verse-2

तं दृष्ट्वा सगुणं चापमुद्यम्य खरनिःस्वनम् ।
रामस्याभिमुखं सूतं चोद्यतामित्यचोदयत् ॥२॥

2. taṃ dṛṣṭvā saguṇaṃ cāpamudyamya kharaniḥsvanam ,
rāmasyābhimukhaṃ sūtaṃ codyatāmityacodayat.

2. tam dṛṣṭvā saguṇam cāpam udyamya kharaniḥsvanam
rāmasya abhimukham sūtam codyatām iti acodayat

2. tam dṛṣṭvā kharaniḥsvanam saguṇam cāpam udyamya
rāmasya abhimukham sūtam codyatām iti acodayat

2. Seeing him and raising his strung bow, which made a harsh sound, Khara commanded his charioteer, who was facing Rāma, saying, "Drive on!"

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (Rāma) (him, that)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - seeing (having seen, after seeing)

• सगुणम् (saguṇam) - strung (bow) (with string, strung, endowed with qualities)

• चापम् (cāpam) - bow (bow, arc)

• उद्यम्य (udyamya) - raising (having raised, having lifted, having taken up)

• खरनिःस्वनम् (kharaniḥsvanam) - which made a harsh sound (making a harsh sound, with a harsh roar)

• रामस्य (rāmasya) - of Rāma

• अभिमुखम् (abhimukham) - facing (Rāma) (facing, turned towards, opposite)

• सूतम् (sūtam) - charioteer (charioteer, driver, son)

• चोद्यताम् (codyatām) - "Drive on!" (imperative) (let it be driven, be driven on, drive on!)

• इति (iti) - saying (thus, so, saying)

• अचोदयत् (acodayat) - he commanded (he urged, he commanded, he impelled)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (Rāma) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Rāma.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - seeing (having seen, after seeing)

(indeclinable)

Gerund/Absolutive

Formed from root 'dṛś' with suffix '-tvā'

Root: dṛś (class 1)

सगुणम् (saguṇam) - strung (bow) (with string, strung, endowed with qualities)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saguṇa

saguṇa - having a string (bow), endowed with qualities, virtuous

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+guṇa)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• guṇa – string (of a bow), quality, virtue
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'cāpam'.

चापम् (cāpam) - bow (bow, arc)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of cāpa

cāpa - bow, arc, arch

उद्यम्य (udyamya) - raising (having raised, having lifted, having taken up)

(indeclinable)

Gerund/Absolutive

Formed from root 'yam' with upasarga 'ud' and suffix '-ya'

Prefix: ud

Root: yam (class 1)

खरनिःस्वनम् (kharaniḥsvanam) - which made a harsh sound (making a harsh sound, with a harsh roar)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kharaniḥsvana

kharaniḥsvana - harsh sound, roar

Compound type : tatpurusha (khara+niḥsvana)

• khara – harsh, sharp, cruel
  adjective
• niḥsvana – sound, noise, roar
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'svan' with upasarga 'nis'
  Prefix: nis
  Root: svan (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'cāpam'.

रामस्य (rāmasya) - of Rāma

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (proper noun), pleasing, beautiful

अभिमुखम् (abhimukham) - facing (Rāma) (facing, turned towards, opposite)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of abhimukha

abhimukha - facing, turned towards, confronting

Compound type : tatpurusha (abhi+mukha)

• abhi – towards, facing
  indeclinable
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'sūtam'.

सूतम् (sūtam) - charioteer (charioteer, driver, son)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer, driver, son, bard

चोद्यताम् (codyatām) - "Drive on!" (imperative) (let it be driven, be driven on, drive on!)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (loṭ) of cud

Imperative, Ātmanepada, 3rd person singular, passive voice

Root: cud (class 10)

Note: Refers to the chariot/horses, but implies command to charioteer.

इति (iti) - saying (thus, so, saying)

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the end of direct speech.

अचोदयत् (acodayat) - he commanded (he urged, he commanded, he impelled)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of cud

Imperfect tense, Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular

Root: cud (class 10)