वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-24, verse-4

तं तु निष्पतितं दृष्ट्वा सर्वे ते रजनीचराः ।
नर्दमाना महानादं सचिवाः पर्यवारयन् ॥४॥

4. taṃ tu niṣpatitaṃ dṛṣṭvā sarve te rajanīcarāḥ ,
nardamānā mahānādaṃ sacivāḥ paryavārayan.

4. tam tu niṣpatitam dṛṣṭvā sarve te rajanīcarāḥ
nardamānā mahānādam sacivāḥ paryavārayan

4. te sarve rajanīcarāḥ sacivāḥ tam niṣpatitam
dṛṣṭvā mahānādam nardamānāḥ tu paryavārayan

4. When all those Rākṣasa followers saw him rushing out, they surrounded him, roaring loudly.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (referring to Khara) (him, that)

• तु (tu) - indeed (emphatic) (but, indeed, however)

• निष्पतितम् (niṣpatitam) - having rushed out (referring to Khara) (having rushed out, having sprung forth, having emerged)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (having seen, after seeing)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all (all, everyone)

• ते (te) - those (they, those)

• रजनीचराः (rajanīcarāḥ) - Rākṣasas (night-wanderers, demons, Rākṣasas)

• नर्दमाना (nardamānā) - roaring (roaring, shouting)

• महानादम् (mahānādam) - loudly, with a great roar (with a great roar, loud sound)

• सचिवाः (sacivāḥ) - followers (ministers, companions, followers)

• पर्यवारयन् (paryavārayan) - they surrounded (they surrounded, they encircled)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (referring to Khara) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Declined from 'tad' (neuter) to masculine accusative singular.

तु (tu) - indeed (emphatic) (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

निष्पतितम् (niṣpatitam) - having rushed out (referring to Khara) (having rushed out, having sprung forth, having emerged)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of niṣpatita

niṣpatita - rushed out, sprung forth, emerged

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root 'pat' (to fall, fly) with prefix 'nis' (out, forth)

Prefix: nis

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tam' (Khara).

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (having seen, after seeing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Derived from verb root 'dṛś' (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

सर्वे (sarve) - all (all, everyone)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every

Note: Agrees with 'te', 'rajanīcarāḥ', 'sacivāḥ', 'nardamānāḥ'.

ते (te) - those (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with 'sarve', 'rajanīcarāḥ', 'sacivāḥ', 'nardamānāḥ'.

रजनीचराः (rajanīcarāḥ) - Rākṣasas (night-wanderers, demons, Rākṣasas)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rajanīcara

rajanīcara - night-wanderer, demon, Rākṣasa

Compound: rajanī (night) + cara (wanderer)

Compound type : tatpurusha (rajanī+cara)

• rajanī – night
  noun (feminine)
• cara – wanderer, moving
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root 'car' (to move, wander)
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'sarve', 'te', 'sacivāḥ', 'nardamānāḥ'.

नर्दमाना (nardamānā) - roaring (roaring, shouting)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nardamāna

nardamāna - roaring, making sound

Present Participle (Ātmanepada)

Derived from verb root 'nard' (to roar, sound)

Root: nard (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'sarve', 'te', 'rajanīcarāḥ', 'sacivāḥ'.

महानादम् (mahānādam) - loudly, with a great roar (with a great roar, loud sound)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahānāda

mahānāda - great sound, loud roar

Compound: mahā (great) + nāda (sound)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+nāda)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• nāda – sound, roar
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'nad' (to sound, roar)
  Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Functions adverbially, 'roaring a great roar'.

सचिवाः (sacivāḥ) - followers (ministers, companions, followers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saciva

saciva - companion, minister, follower

Note: Subject of the verb 'paryavārayan'.

पर्यवारयन् (paryavārayan) - they surrounded (they surrounded, they encircled)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of paryavāraya

Causative from root 'vṛ' (to cover, choose) with prefixes 'pari' and 'ava'

Prefixes: pari+ava

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Imperfect tense, 3rd person plural.

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