वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-17, verse-19

क्रूरैरनार्यैः सौमित्रे परिहासः कथं चन ।
न कार्यः पश्य वैदेहीं कथं चित् सौम्य जीवतीम् ॥१९॥

19. krūrairanāryaiḥ saumitre parihāsaḥ kathaṃ cana ,
na kāryaḥ paśya vaidehīṃ kathaṃ cit saumya jīvatīm.

19. krūraiḥ anāryaiḥ saumitre parihāsaḥ katham cana na
kāryaḥ paśya vaidehīm katham cit saumya jīvatīm

19. saumitre saumya krūraiḥ anāryaiḥ parihāsaḥ katham
cana na kāryaḥ vaidehīm katham cit jīvatīm paśya

19. O Saumitra (Lakṣmaṇa), one should never jest with cruel and ignoble beings. Look, O gentle one, how Vaidehī (Sītā) is still alive somehow.

Words meanings summery:

• क्रूरैः (krūraiḥ) - with cruel beings (by cruel ones, with cruel people)

• अनार्यैः (anāryaiḥ) - with ignoble beings (by ignoble ones, with ignoble people)

• सौमित्रे (saumitre) - O Saumitra (Lakṣmaṇa) (O son of Sumitrā, O Lakṣmaṇa)

• परिहासः (parihāsaḥ) - jest, joke, ridicule

• कथम् (katham) - how (ever) (how, in what manner, why)

• चन (cana) - (with katham) never (even, indeed; (with interrogatives) never, any)

• न (na) - not, no

• कार्यः (kāryaḥ) - should be done (to be done, should be done, proper to be done)

• पश्य (paśya) - Look! (see!, behold!)

• वैदेहीम् (vaidehīm) - Vaidehī (Sītā) (Sītā, princess of Videha)

• कथम् (katham) - how (somehow) (how, in what manner)

• चित् (cit) - (with katham) somehow (and, also, even, indeed; (with interrogatives) any, some)

• सौम्य (saumya) - O gentle one (Lakṣmaṇa) (O gentle one, O benevolent one)

• जीवतीम् (jīvatīm) - still alive (living, alive)

Words meanings and morphology

क्रूरैः (krūraiḥ) - with cruel beings (by cruel ones, with cruel people)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of krūra

krūra - cruel, fierce, harsh

अनार्यैः (anāryaiḥ) - with ignoble beings (by ignoble ones, with ignoble people)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of anārya

anārya - ignoble, unworthy, non-Aryan

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+ārya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• ārya – noble, respectable, Aryan
  adjective (masculine)

सौमित्रे (saumitre) - O Saumitra (Lakṣmaṇa) (O son of Sumitrā, O Lakṣmaṇa)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saumitri

saumitri - son of Sumitrā (i.e., Lakṣmaṇa)

Patronymic from Sumitrā.

परिहासः (parihāsaḥ) - jest, joke, ridicule

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parihāsa

parihāsa - jest, joke, ridicule

Derived from root has (to laugh) with prefix pari.

Prefix: pari

Root: has (class 1)

कथम् (katham) - how (ever) (how, in what manner, why)

(indeclinable)

चन (cana) - (with katham) never (even, indeed; (with interrogatives) never, any)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

कार्यः (kāryaḥ) - should be done (to be done, should be done, proper to be done)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kārya

kārya - to be done, should be done, duty, action

Gerundive

Derived from root kṛ (to do) with suffix -ya (or -ṇya).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

पश्य (paśya) - Look! (see!, behold!)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of paśya

imperative active

Root dṛś (to see), with the secondary root paś, in imperative (loṭ) second person singular.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

वैदेहीम् (vaidehīm) - Vaidehī (Sītā) (Sītā, princess of Videha)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vaidehī

vaidehī - Sītā (daughter of the king of Videha)

Feminine patronymic from Videha.

कथम् (katham) - how (somehow) (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

चित् (cit) - (with katham) somehow (and, also, even, indeed; (with interrogatives) any, some)

(indeclinable)

सौम्य (saumya) - O gentle one (Lakṣmaṇa) (O gentle one, O benevolent one)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saumya

saumya - gentle, mild, benevolent; moon-like

जीवतीम् (jīvatīm) - still alive (living, alive)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of jīvatī

jīvat - living, alive (present active participle)

Present Active Participle

Derived from root jīv (to live) with suffix -at.

Root: jīv (class 1)

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