वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-17, verse-2

कृतदारो ऽस्मि भवति भार्येयं दयिता मम ।
त्वद्विधानां तु नारीणां सुदुःखा ससपत्नता ॥२॥

2. kṛtadāro'smi bhavati bhāryeyaṃ dayitā mama ,
tvadvidhānāṃ tu nārīṇāṃ suduḥkhā sasapatnatā.

2. kṛtadāraḥ asmi bhavati bhāryā iyam dayitā mama
tvat-vidhānām tu nārīṇām suduḥkhā sasapatnatā

2. asmi kṛtadāraḥ bhavati iyam mama dayitā bhāryā
tu tvat-vidhānām nārīṇām sasapatnatā suduḥkhā

2. O lady, I am already married, and this is my beloved wife. Indeed, for women of your kind, the state of having co-wives is extremely distressing.

Words meanings summery:

• कृतदारः (kṛtadāraḥ) - I am married (having taken a wife, married)

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am

• भवति (bhavati) - O Lady (addressing Shurpanakha) (O Lady, Madam)

• भार्या (bhāryā) - (my) wife (wife, a woman to be supported)

• इयम् (iyam) - this (woman, referring to Sita) (this (feminine))

• दयिता (dayitā) - beloved (wife) (beloved, dear, liked)

• मम (mama) - my (my, mine)

• त्वत्-विधानाम् (tvat-vidhānām) - for women of your kind (of women like you, of your kind)

• तु (tu) - but (indeed, but, moreover)

• नारीणाम् (nārīṇām) - for women (of women)

• सुदुःखा (suduḥkhā) - very distressing (very painful, very difficult, very distressing)

• ससपत्नता (sasapatnatā) - the state of having co-wives (the state of having co-wives, co-wifery)

Words meanings and morphology

कृतदारः (kṛtadāraḥ) - I am married (having taken a wife, married)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtadāra

kṛtadāra - having taken a wife, married

Compound type : bahuvrihi (kṛta+dāra)

• kṛta – done, made, taken
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √kṛ (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• dāra – wife (often plural, but used singularly)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the implied 'I' (Rama).

अस्मि (asmi) - I am

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present tense, 1st person singular, active voice

Root: as (class 2)

भवति (bhavati) - O Lady (addressing Shurpanakha) (O Lady, Madam)

(noun)

Vocative, feminine, singular of bhavatī

bhavatī - lady, madam, venerable lady

Feminine form of bhavat (you/honorable)

भार्या (bhāryā) - (my) wife (wife, a woman to be supported)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhāryā

bhāryā - wife, one who is to be nourished or maintained

Gerundive/Passive Future Participle

From √bhṛ (to bear, support), literally 'one to be supported'

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

इयम् (iyam) - this (woman, referring to Sita) (this (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, here

Note: Refers to Sita.

दयिता (dayitā) - beloved (wife) (beloved, dear, liked)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dayita

dayita - beloved, dear, desired

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √day (to pity, be compassionate), or √day (to desire, to be cherished)

Root: day (class 1)

Note: Agrees with bhāryā.

मम (mama) - my (my, mine)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

त्वत्-विधानाम् (tvat-vidhānām) - for women of your kind (of women like you, of your kind)

(adjective)

Genitive, feminine, plural of tvat-vidhāna

tvat-vidhāna - of your type, like you

Genitive plural of an adjective modifying nārīṇām

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tvat+vidhāna)

• tvat – you (ablative/genitive base)
  pronoun
• vidhāna – manner, kind, type, ordinance
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with nārīṇām.

तु (tu) - but (indeed, but, moreover)

(indeclinable)

नारीणाम् (nārīṇām) - for women (of women)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of nārī

nārī - woman, female

Note: Genitive used in a dative sense (for).

सुदुःखा (suduḥkhā) - very distressing (very painful, very difficult, very distressing)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of suduḥkha

suduḥkha - very painful, extremely difficult, full of sorrow

Feminine form of suduḥkha

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+duḥkha)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• duḥkha – pain, sorrow, misery
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with sasapatnatā.

ससपत्नता (sasapatnatā) - the state of having co-wives (the state of having co-wives, co-wifery)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sasapatnatā

sasapatnatā - state of having co-wives

Derived from sapatna (co-wife) with sa- (with) and tā suffix (state of being)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+sapatna+tā)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
  Prefix meaning 'with'.
• sapatna – co-wife, rival
  noun (feminine)
• tā – suffix forming abstract noun, -ness, -hood
  suffix (feminine)
  Suffix tā forms feminine abstract nouns.

Note: Subject of the sentence.

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