वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-81, verse-22

नियम्य पृष्ठे तु तलाङ्गुलित्रवाञ् शरैः सुपूर्णाविषुधी परंतपः ।
महद्धनुः सज्यमुपोह्य लक्ष्मणो निशामतिष्ठत् परितो ऽस्य केवलम् ॥२२॥

22. niyamya pṛṣṭhe tu talāṅgulitravāñ śaraiḥ supūrṇāviṣudhī paraṃtapaḥ ,
mahaddhanuḥ sajyamupohya lakṣmaṇo niśāmatiṣṭhat parito'sya kevalam.

22. niyamya pṛṣṭhe tu talāṅgulitravān
śaraiḥ supūrṇau iṣudhī paraṃtapaḥ
mahat dhanuḥ sajyam upohya lakṣmaṇaḥ
niśām atiṣṭhat paritaḥ asya kevalam

22. tu paraṃtapaḥ lakṣmaṇaḥ talāṅgulitravān
śaraiḥ supūrṇau iṣudhī pṛṣṭhe
niyamya mahat sajyam dhanuḥ upohya
asya paritaḥ kevalam niśām atiṣṭhat

22. And Lakshmana, the tormentor of foes (paraṃtapa), wearing finger-guards, having fastened two quivers well-filled with arrows on his back, and having taken up his great, strung bow, stood guard alone around him (Rama) throughout the night.

Words meanings summery:

• नियम्य (niyamya) - having fastened, having restrained, having controlled

• पृष्ठे (pṛṣṭhe) - on the back, at the back

• तु (tu) - and, but, indeed

• तलाङ्गुलित्रवान् (talāṅgulitravān) - wearing finger-guards (for archery)

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

• सुपूर्णौ (supūrṇau) - well-filled, completely full

• इषुधी (iṣudhī) - two quivers

• परंतपः (paraṁtapaḥ) - tormentor of foes, subduer of enemies

• महत् (mahat) - great, large

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

• सज्यम् (sajyam) - strung (with string)

• उपोह्य (upohya) - having taken up, having borne

• लक्ष्मणः (lakṣmaṇaḥ) - Lakshmana

• निशाम् (niśām) - night

• अतिष्ठत् (atiṣṭhat) - stood, remained

• परितः (paritaḥ) - around, on all sides

• अस्य (asya) - of Rama (of him)

• केवलम् (kevalam) - alone, only

Words meanings and morphology

नियम्य (niyamya) - having fastened, having restrained, having controlled

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

from ni + yam

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

पृष्ठे (pṛṣṭhe) - on the back, at the back

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of pṛṣṭha

pṛṣṭha - back, rear

तु (tu) - and, but, indeed

(indeclinable)

तलाङ्गुलित्रवान् (talāṅgulitravān) - wearing finger-guards (for archery)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of talāṅgulitravat

talāṅgulitravat - possessing finger-guards

possessive suffix -vat

from talāṅgulitra + matUP

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tala+aṅgulitra)

• tala – palm of the hand, surface
  noun (masculine)
• aṅgulitra – finger-guard (for archery)
  noun (neuter)

Note: agrees with Lakṣmaṇaḥ

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

Note: means 'filled with arrows'

सुपूर्णौ (supūrṇau) - well-filled, completely full

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of supūrṇa

supūrṇa - well-filled, full, complete

Past Passive Participle

from su + pṛ + kta

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+pūrṇa)

• su – good, well
  indeclinable
• pūrṇa – full, complete
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from pṛ + kta
  Root: pṛ (class 3)

Note: agrees with iṣudhī (which is masc. dual)

इषुधी (iṣudhī) - two quivers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of iṣudhi

iṣudhi - quiver

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (iṣu+dhi)

• iṣu – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• dhi – receptacle, holder (from dhā)
  noun (masculine)
  from dhā (to place)
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: object of niyamya, here used in nominative dual

परंतपः (paraṁtapaḥ) - tormentor of foes, subduer of enemies

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paraṃtapa

paraṁtapa - tormentor of foes, subduer of enemies

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (param+tapa)

• para – other, enemy
  pronoun (masculine)
• tapa – heating, tormenting
  noun (masculine)
  from tap (to heat, torment)
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: epithet of Lakshmana

महत् (mahat) - great, large

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large

Note: agrees with dhanuḥ (used as accusative)

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow

Note: object of upohya

सज्यम् (sajyam) - strung (with string)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sajya

sajya - strung, with a bowstring

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+jyā)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• jyā – bowstring
  noun (feminine)

Note: agrees with dhanuḥ

उपोह्य (upohya) - having taken up, having borne

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

from upa + vah

Prefix: upa

Root: vah (class 1)

लक्ष्मणः (lakṣmaṇaḥ) - Lakshmana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lakṣmaṇa

lakṣmaṇa - Lakshmana (proper name)

निशाम् (niśām) - night

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of niśā

niśā - night

Note: denotes duration of time

अतिष्ठत् (atiṣṭhat) - stood, remained

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of sthā

Root: sthā (class 1)

परितः (paritaḥ) - around, on all sides

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - of Rama (of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: refers to Rama, governed by paritaḥ

केवलम् (kevalam) - alone, only

(indeclinable)

Note: used adverbially, describing Lakshmana's action