वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-19, verse-20

सुखदुःखे भयक्रोधौ लाभालाभौ भवाभवौ ।
यस्य किं चित्तथाभूतं ननु दैवस्य कर्म तत् ॥२०॥

20. sukhaduḥkhe bhayakrodhau lābhālābhau bhavābhavau ,
yasya kiṃ cittathābhūtaṃ nanu daivasya karma tat.

20. sukha-duḥkhe bhaya-krodhau lābha-alābhau bhava-abhavau
yasya kim cittam tathā-bhūtam nanu daivasya karma tat

20. yasya kim cittam sukha-duḥkhe bhaya-krodhau lābha-alābhau
bhava-abhavau tathā-bhūtam tat nanu daivasya karma

20. Happiness and sorrow, fear and anger, gain and loss, existence and non-existence – whatever state the mind takes on in this manner, that is indeed the work (karma) of destiny (daiva).

Words meanings summery:

• सुख-दुःखे (sukha-duḥkhe) - happiness and sorrow

• भय-क्रोधौ (bhaya-krodhau) - fear and anger

• लाभ-अलाभौ (lābha-alābhau) - gain and loss

• भव-अभवौ (bhava-abhavau) - existence and non-existence, birth and destruction

• यस्य (yasya) - whose, of which

• किम् (kim) - whatever (state or condition) (what, which, whatever)

• चित्तम् (cittam) - mind, thought, consciousness

• तथा-भूतम् (tathā-bhūtam) - that has become such a state (experiencing these pairs) (having become such, being so, in such a state)

• ननु (nanu) - indeed (surely, indeed, of course)

• दैवस्य (daivasya) - of destiny, of fate, of the divine

• कर्म (karma) - the effect or outcome determined by destiny (action, deed, work, destiny)

• तत् (tat) - that (state of the mind) (that, it)

Words meanings and morphology

सुख-दुःखे (sukha-duḥkhe) - happiness and sorrow

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, dual of sukha-duḥkha

sukha-duḥkha - happiness and sorrow, pleasure and pain

Dvanda compound of sukha and duḥkha.

Compound type : dvandva (sukha+duḥkha)

• sukha – happiness, joy, pleasure, comfort
  noun (neuter)
• duḥkha – suffering, sorrow, pain, misery, discomfort
  noun (neuter)

Note: Used here as part of a list of pairs of opposing states that the mind experiences.

भय-क्रोधौ (bhaya-krodhau) - fear and anger

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of bhaya-krodha

bhaya-krodha - fear and anger

Dvanda compound of bhaya and krodha.

Compound type : dvandva (bhaya+krodha)

• bhaya – fear, dread, fright
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bhī (class 3)
• krodha – anger, wrath, rage
  noun (masculine)
  Root: krudh (class 4)

लाभ-अलाभौ (lābha-alābhau) - gain and loss

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of lābha-alābha

lābha-alābha - gain and loss, profit and disadvantage

Dvanda compound of lābha and alābha.

Compound type : dvandva (lābha+alābha)

• lābha – gain, acquisition, profit
  noun (masculine)
  Root: labh (class 1)
• alābha – loss, non-acquisition, disadvantage
  noun (masculine)
  Negative formation of lābha with 'a' prefix.
  Prefix: a
  Root: labh (class 1)

भव-अभवौ (bhava-abhavau) - existence and non-existence, birth and destruction

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of bhava-abhava

bhava-abhava - existence and non-existence, birth and destruction

Dvanda compound of bhava and abhava.

Compound type : dvandva (bhava+abhava)

• bhava – being, existence, birth, origin
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• abhava – non-existence, annihilation, destruction
  noun (masculine)
  Negative formation of bhava with 'a' prefix.
  Prefix: a
  Root: bhū (class 1)

यस्य (yasya) - whose, of which

(pronoun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what, whatever

Note: Agrees with 'cittam'.

किम् (kim) - whatever (state or condition) (what, which, whatever)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what? which? whatever; an interrogative or emphatic particle

चित्तम् (cittam) - mind, thought, consciousness

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of citta

citta - mind, thought, consciousness, heart, spirit

Root: cit (class 1)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is' and qualified by 'yasya' and 'kim'.

तथा-भूतम् (tathā-bhūtam) - that has become such a state (experiencing these pairs) (having become such, being so, in such a state)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tathā-bhūta

tathā-bhūta - having become such, being so, in such a state

Past Passive Participle (from bhūta)

Compound of tathā (thus) and bhūta (become, been).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (tathā+bhūta)

• tathā – thus, so, in that manner
  indeclinable
• bhūta – been, become, past, being, creature, element
  adjective (masculine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'bhū' (to be, become).
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'cittam'.

ननु (nanu) - indeed (surely, indeed, of course)

(indeclinable)

दैवस्य (daivasya) - of destiny, of fate, of the divine

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of daiva

daiva - divine, relating to gods, destiny, fate, divine power

Derived from deva (god) + aṇ (taddhita suffix).

कर्म (karma) - the effect or outcome determined by destiny (action, deed, work, destiny)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, work, ritual, consequence of action, destiny (karma)

Derived from root kṛ (to do, make) with man suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate nominative, 'that is the karma of destiny'.

तत् (tat) - that (state of the mind) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Refers back to 'kim cittam tathā-bhūtam' and serves as the subject of the sentence's main clause.