वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-19, verse-1

अथ तं व्यथया दीनं सविशेषममर्षितम् ।
श्वसन्तमिव नागेन्द्रं रोषविस्फारितेक्षणम् ॥१॥

1. atha taṃ vyathayā dīnaṃ saviśeṣamamarṣitam ,
śvasantamiva nāgendraṃ roṣavisphāritekṣaṇam.

1. atha tam vyathayā dīnam saviśeṣam amarṣitam
śvasantam iva nāgendram roṣavisphāritekṣaṇam

1. atha tam vyathayā dīnam saviśeṣam amarṣitam
roṣavisphāritekṣaṇam nāgendram iva śvasantam

1. Then (Rama approached) him, who was dejected by anguish, particularly enraged, and breathing heavily like a great serpent, his eyes wide with fury.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• तम् (tam) - him (Lakshmana) (him, that (masculine))

• व्यथया (vyathayā) - by distress, with pain, by agitation

• दीनम् (dīnam) - miserable, dejected, distressed

• सविशेषम् (saviśeṣam) - especially, particularly, with distinction

• अमर्षितम् (amarṣitam) - indignant, enraged, impatient

• श्वसन्तम् (śvasantam) - breathing heavily, hissing, panting

• इव (iva) - like, as if, as it were

• नागेन्द्रम् (nāgendram) - a lordly serpent, a great snake

• रोषविस्फारितेक्षणम् (roṣavisphāritekṣaṇam) - whose eyes are wide open from anger, with eyes dilated by fury

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

तम् (tam) - him (Lakshmana) (him, that (masculine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

व्यथया (vyathayā) - by distress, with pain, by agitation

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of vyathā

vyathā - distress, pain, anxiety, agitation

Root: vyath (class 1)

दीनम् (dīnam) - miserable, dejected, distressed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dīna

dīna - miserable, poor, distressed, dejected

Past Passive Participle (from √dai with 'na')

Root: dai (class 1)

सविशेषम् (saviśeṣam) - especially, particularly, with distinction

(indeclinable)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+viśeṣa)

• sa – with, having
  indeclinable
• viśeṣa – distinction, particularity, specialty
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: śiṣ (class 7)

अमर्षितम् (amarṣitam) - indignant, enraged, impatient

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of amarṣita

amarṣita - indignant, enraged, impatient

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √mṛṣ (to bear, tolerate) with 'a-' (negation) and -ita suffix.

Compound type : prādi-samāsa (a+marṣita)

• a – not, un-
  prefix/indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• marṣita – endured, tolerated
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √mṛṣ with -ita suffix.
  Root: mṛṣ (class 1)

श्वसन्तम् (śvasantam) - breathing heavily, hissing, panting

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śvasat

śvasat - breathing, hissing, panting

Present Active Participle

Derived from √śvas with -at suffix.

Root: śvas (class 2)

इव (iva) - like, as if, as it were

(indeclinable)

नागेन्द्रम् (nāgendram) - a lordly serpent, a great snake

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nāgendra

nāgendra - a chief of serpents, a great snake

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nāga+indra)

• nāga – serpent, snake
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, lord, best
  noun (masculine)

रोषविस्फारितेक्षणम् (roṣavisphāritekṣaṇam) - whose eyes are wide open from anger, with eyes dilated by fury

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of roṣavisphāritekṣaṇa

roṣavisphāritekṣaṇa - one whose eyes are wide open with anger

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (roṣa+visphārita+īkṣaṇa)

• roṣa – anger, wrath
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ruṣ (class 1)
• visphārita – expanded, dilated, wide open
  participle (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √sphur with vi and causative suffix -i, then -ta.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: sphur (class 6)
• īkṣaṇa – eye, seeing
  noun (neuter)
  From √īkṣ
  Root: īkṣ (class 1)