वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-19, verse-17

कथं प्रकृतिसंपन्ना राजपुत्री तथागुणा ।
ब्रूयात् सा प्राकृतेव स्त्री मत्पीडां भर्तृसंनिधौ ॥१७॥

17. kathaṃ prakṛtisaṃpannā rājaputrī tathāguṇā ,
brūyāt sā prākṛteva strī matpīḍāṃ bhartṛsaṃnidhau.

17. katham prakṛti-sampannā rājaputrī tathā-guṇā brūyāt
sā prākṛtā iva strī mat-pīḍām bhartṛ-saṃnidhau

17. katham sā prakṛti-sampannā tathā-guṇā rājaputrī
prākṛtā strī iva mat-pīḍām bhartṛ-saṃnidhau brūyāt

17. How could she, a princess endowed with such noble nature (prakṛti) and excellent qualities, speak of my suffering in the presence of her husband, like some ordinary woman?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• प्रकृति-सम्पन्ना (prakṛti-sampannā) - endowed with a noble nature and qualities (endowed with nature or good qualities)

• राजपुत्री (rājaputrī) - princess, daughter of a king

• तथा-गुणा (tathā-guṇā) - possessing such (good) qualities (having such qualities)

• ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - would speak, should speak

• सा (sā) - she, that (feminine)

• प्राकृता (prākṛtā) - like an ordinary (woman) (common, ordinary, natural, vulgar)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• स्त्री (strī) - woman, wife

• मत्-पीडाम् (mat-pīḍām) - my suffering, my affliction

• भर्तृ-संनिधौ (bhartṛ-saṁnidhau) - in the presence of the husband

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

प्रकृति-सम्पन्ना (prakṛti-sampannā) - endowed with a noble nature and qualities (endowed with nature or good qualities)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of prakṛti-sampanna

prakṛti-sampanna - endowed with nature, rich in qualities

A bahuvrīhi compound meaning 'she who has nature (prakṛti) as her endowment (sampannā)'

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (prakṛti+sampanna)

• prakṛti – nature, origin, primary matter, constitution
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root kṛ with prefix pra
  Prefix: pra
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• sampanna – endowed with, complete, accomplished, rich
  past passive participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root pad with prefix sam
  Prefix: sam
  Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'rājaputrī'

राजपुत्री (rājaputrī) - princess, daughter of a king

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rājaputrī

rājaputrī - princess, daughter of a king

Compound of rājan (king) and putrī (daughter)

तथा-गुणा (tathā-guṇā) - possessing such (good) qualities (having such qualities)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tathā-guṇa

tathā-guṇa - having such qualities

A bahuvrīhi compound meaning 'she who has such (tathā) qualities (guṇa)'

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tathā+guṇa)

• tathā – thus, so, in that manner, such
  indeclinable
• guṇa – quality, virtue, attribute, constituent of nature
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'rājaputrī'

ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - would speak, should speak

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

सा (sā) - she, that (feminine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Kaikeyī

प्राकृता (prākṛtā) - like an ordinary (woman) (common, ordinary, natural, vulgar)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of prākṛta

prākṛta - natural, common, ordinary, vulgar

Derived from prakṛti

Note: Modifies 'strī'

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

स्त्री (strī) - woman, wife

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of strī

strī - woman, wife, female

मत्-पीडाम् (mat-pīḍām) - my suffering, my affliction

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mat-pīḍā

mat-pīḍā - my suffering

A tatpurusha compound meaning 'my (mat) suffering (pīḍā)'

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mad+pīḍā)

• mad – I (stem for first person pronoun)
  pronoun
• pīḍā – pain, suffering, distress, injury
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root pīḍ
  Root: pīḍ (class 10)

भर्तृ-संनिधौ (bhartṛ-saṁnidhau) - in the presence of the husband

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of bhartṛ-saṃnidhi

bhartṛ-saṁnidhi - presence of husband

A tatpurusha compound meaning 'presence (saṃnidhi) of the husband (bhartṛ)'

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhartṛ+saṃnidhi)

• bhartṛ – husband, supporter, lord
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun derived from root bhṛ
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)
• saṃnidhi – presence, proximity, vicinity
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root dhā with prefix sam-ni
  Prefixes: sam+ni
  Root: dhā (class 3)