वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-104, verse-23

स पादुके ते भरतः प्रतापवान् स्वलंकृते संपरिगृह्य धर्मवित् ।
प्रदक्षिणं चैव चकार राघवं चकार चैवोत्तमनागमूर्धनि ॥२३॥

23. sa pāduke te bharataḥ pratāpavān svalaṃkṛte saṃparigṛhya dharmavit ,
pradakṣiṇaṃ caiva cakāra rāghavaṃ cakāra caivottamanāgamūrdhani.

23. saḥ pāduke te bharataḥ pratāpavān
svālaṅkṛte saṃparigṛhya dharmavit
pradakṣiṇam ca eva cakāra rāghavam
cakāra ca eva uttamanaagamūrdhani

23. saḥ pratāpavān dharmavit bharataḥ
te svālaṅkṛte pāduke saṃparigṛhya
rāghavam pradakṣiṇam ca eva cakāra
ca eva uttamanaagamūrdhani cakāra

23. That powerful (pratāpavān) Bharata, knowing the natural law (dharma), having respectfully taken those two beautifully adorned sandals, circumambulated Rāghava, and then placed them on his own head (as a mark of supreme reverence).

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that (Bharata) (that, he)

• पादुके (pāduke) - sandals

• ते (te) - those two

• भरतः (bharataḥ) - Bharata

• प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - powerful, majestic, valorous (pratāpavān)

• स्वालङ्कृते (svālaṅkṛte) - well-adorned, beautifully decorated

• संपरिगृह्य (saṁparigṛhya) - having respectfully taken (having taken, having received, having grasped completely)

• धर्मवित् (dharmavit) - knowing the natural law (dharma) (knower of dharma, righteous)

• प्रदक्षिणम् (pradakṣiṇam) - as a circumambulation (used adverbially) (circumambulation (clockwise))

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, just

• चकार (cakāra) - he performed (circumambulation) (he did, he made)

• राघवम् (rāghavam) - Rāghava (Rāma)

• चकार (cakāra) - he placed (he did, he made)

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, just

• उत्तमनअगमूर्धनि (uttamanaagamūrdhani) - on his own head (as a mark of supreme reverence) (on the head of the best nāga; on his own head (metaphorical))

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that (Bharata) (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

पादुके (pāduke) - sandals

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, dual of pādukā

pādukā - sandal, shoe, wooden sandal

Note: Object of 'saṃparigṛhya'.

ते (te) - those two

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, dual of tad

tad - that, these

Note: Refers to 'pāduke'.

भरतः (bharataḥ) - Bharata

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bharata

bharata - Bharata (name of a king or character)

प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - powerful, majestic, valorous (pratāpavān)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratāpavat

pratāpavat - possessed of valor/majesty/power; powerful, glorious

possessive suffix -vat

Note: Modifies 'bharataḥ'.

स्वालङ्कृते (svālaṅkṛte) - well-adorned, beautifully decorated

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, dual of svālaṅkṛta

svālaṅkṛta - well-adorned, beautifully decorated

Past Passive Participle

Compound of su (well) and alaṅkṛta (adorned, P.P.P. of alaṃ-kṛ)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (su+alaṅkṛta)

• su – well, good, very
  indeclinable
• alaṅkṛta – adorned, decorated
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  P.P.P. of root kṛ with prefix alaṃ
  Prefix: alaṃ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Modifies 'pāduke'.

संपरिगृह्य (saṁparigṛhya) - having respectfully taken (having taken, having received, having grasped completely)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

root grah with prefixes sam and pari

Prefixes: sam+pari

Root: grah (class 9)

धर्मवित् (dharmavit) - knowing the natural law (dharma) (knower of dharma, righteous)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmavid

dharmavid - knower of dharma; righteous, just

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+vid)

• dharma – righteous conduct, duty, law, intrinsic nature (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
• vid – knower, understanding
  noun (masculine)
  From root vid 'to know'
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'bharataḥ'.

प्रदक्षिणम् (pradakṣiṇam) - as a circumambulation (used adverbially) (circumambulation (clockwise))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pradakṣiṇa

pradakṣiṇa - clockwise circumambulation; respectful circuit

Note: Used adverbially with 'cakāra'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, just

(indeclinable)

चकार (cakāra) - he performed (circumambulation) (he did, he made)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of kṛ

Perfect

perfect tense form of root kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

राघवम् (rāghavam) - Rāghava (Rāma)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu; Rāma

चकार (cakāra) - he placed (he did, he made)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of kṛ

Perfect

perfect tense form of root kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, just

(indeclinable)

उत्तमनअगमूर्धनि (uttamanaagamūrdhani) - on his own head (as a mark of supreme reverence) (on the head of the best nāga; on his own head (metaphorical))

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of uttamanāgamūrdhan

uttamanāgamūrdhan - the head of a noble serpent/elephant; a figurative expression meaning 'on one's own head' (as a mark of veneration)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (uttama+nāga+mūrdhan)

• uttama – best, highest, excellent
  adjective (masculine)
• nāga – serpent, snake; elephant; a leading figure
  noun (masculine)
• mūrdhan – head, top, summit
  noun (masculine)

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