वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-104, verse-3

स धन्यो यस्य पुत्रौ द्वौ धर्मज्ञौ धर्मविक्रमौ ।
श्रुत्वा वयं हि संभाषामुभयोः स्पृहयामहे ॥३॥

3. sa dhanyo yasya putrau dvau dharmajñau dharmavikramau ,
śrutvā vayaṃ hi saṃbhāṣāmubhayoḥ spṛhayāmahe.

3. saḥ dhanyaḥ yasya putrau dvau dharmajñau dharmavikramau
śrutvā vayam hi saṃbhāṣām ubhayoḥ spṛhayāmahe

3. saḥ dhanyaḥ yasya dvau putrau dharmajñau dharmavikramau (bhavataḥ).
vayam hi ubhayoḥ saṃbhāṣām śrutvā spṛhayāmahe.

3. He is truly blessed whose two sons are both knowledgeable of natural law (dharma) and valiant in upholding natural law (dharma). Indeed, having heard the conversation of those two, we ourselves feel a longing for such virtues.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - He (referring to their father) (he, that)

• धन्यः (dhanyaḥ) - blessed, fortunate (blessed, fortunate, rich)

• यस्य (yasya) - whose (whose, of which)

• पुत्रौ (putrau) - two sons

• द्वौ (dvau) - two

• धर्मज्ञौ (dharmajñau) - knowledgeable in natural law (dharma) (knowing (natural law) dharma, righteous)

• धर्मविक्रमौ (dharmavikramau) - valiant in upholding natural law (dharma) (valiant in (natural law) dharma, powerful in righteousness)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• वयम् (vayam) - we (the sages) (we)

• हि (hi) - indeed, emphasizing the statement (indeed, surely, for, because)

• संभाषाम् (saṁbhāṣām) - the conversation (conversation, discourse, speaking)

• उभयोः (ubhayoḥ) - of both (sons) (of both)

• स्पृहयामहे (spṛhayāmahe) - we long for (such virtues) (we long for, desire, envy)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - He (referring to their father) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of 'dhanyaḥ'.

धन्यः (dhanyaḥ) - blessed, fortunate (blessed, fortunate, rich)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanya

dhanya - blessed, fortunate, rich, virtuous

From 'dhana' (wealth) + suffix 'ya'.

Note: Predicate adjective for 'saḥ'.

यस्य (yasya) - whose (whose, of which)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Refers to the father of the two sons.

पुत्रौ (putrau) - two sons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of putra

putra - son

Note: Subject in the relative clause.

द्वौ (dvau) - two

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with 'putrau'.

धर्मज्ञौ (dharmajñau) - knowledgeable in natural law (dharma) (knowing (natural law) dharma, righteous)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of dharmajña

dharmajña - knowing natural law (dharma), righteous, dutiful

Compound of 'dharma' and 'jña' (knower).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+jña)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• jña – knower, understanding
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root 'jñā' (to know) + suffix 'a'.
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Describes 'putrau'.

धर्मविक्रमौ (dharmavikramau) - valiant in upholding natural law (dharma) (valiant in (natural law) dharma, powerful in righteousness)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of dharmavikrama

dharmavikrama - valiant in natural law (dharma), powerful in righteousness

Compound of 'dharma' and 'vikrama' (valour, might).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+vikrama)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• vikrama – valour, might, prowess, strength
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from prefix 'vi' and root 'kram' (to step, stride).
  Prefix: vi
  Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Describes 'putrau'.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form of root 'śru' (to hear) + suffix 'tvā'.

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Modifies the action of 'spṛhayāmahe'.

वयम् (vayam) - we (the sages) (we)

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Subject of 'spṛhayāmahe'.

हि (hi) - indeed, emphasizing the statement (indeed, surely, for, because)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

संभाषाम् (saṁbhāṣām) - the conversation (conversation, discourse, speaking)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of saṃbhāṣā

saṁbhāṣā - conversation, discourse, speaking together

Derived from root 'bhāṣ' (to speak) with prefix 'sam'.

Prefix: sam

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

उभयोः (ubhayoḥ) - of both (sons) (of both)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of ubha

ubha - both

Note: Modifies 'saṃbhāṣām'.

स्पृहयामहे (spṛhayāmahe) - we long for (such virtues) (we long for, desire, envy)

(verb)

1st person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of spṛh

Present tense, Atmanepada, 1st person plural

Root 'spṛh' (to desire, long for) in the present tense, 1st person plural, Atmanepada.

Root: spṛh (class 1)