वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-8, verse-5

एतच्छ्रुत्वा रहः सूतो राजानमिदमब्रवीत् ।
ऋत्विग्भिरुपदिष्टो ऽयं पुरावृत्तो मया श्रुतः ॥५॥

5. etacchrutvā rahaḥ sūto rājānamidamabravīt ,
ṛtvigbhirupadiṣṭo'yaṃ purāvṛtto mayā śrutaḥ.

5. etat śrutvā rahaḥ sūtaḥ rājānam idam abravīt |
ṛtvigbhiḥ upadiṣṭaḥ ayam purāvṛttaḥ mayā śrutaḥ

5. sūtaḥ etat śrutvā rahaḥ idam rājānam abravīt
ṛtvigbhiḥ upadiṣṭaḥ ayam purāvṛttaḥ mayā śrutaḥ

5. Having heard this, the charioteer (Sūta) privately said this to the king: "This ancient tale, which was taught by the priests, was heard by me."

Words meanings summery:

• एतत् (etat) - this

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• रहः (rahaḥ) - secretly, in private

• सूतः (sūtaḥ) - the specific charioteer (Sūta) of the king (charioteer)

• राजानम् (rājānam) - to the king

• इदम् (idam) - this

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said, spoke

• ऋत्विग्भिः (ṛtvigbhiḥ) - by the priests

• उपदिष्टः (upadiṣṭaḥ) - instructed, taught

• अयम् (ayam) - this

• पुरावृत्तः (purāvṛttaḥ) - ancient tale, past event

• मया (mayā) - by me

• श्रुतः (śrutaḥ) - heard

Words meanings and morphology

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from the root śru (to hear) with the suffix -tvā

Root: śru (class 5)

रहः (rahaḥ) - secretly, in private

(indeclinable)

सूतः (sūtaḥ) - the specific charioteer (Sūta) of the king (charioteer)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer, bard, son (of kṣatriya by brahmin mother)

राजानम् (rājānam) - to the king

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

ऋत्विग्भिः (ṛtvigbhiḥ) - by the priests

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ṛtvij

ṛtvij - sacrificial priest, officiating priest

Root: yaj

उपदिष्टः (upadiṣṭaḥ) - instructed, taught

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upadiṣṭa

upadiṣṭa - instructed, taught, shown

Past Passive Participle

From root diś (to show, teach) with prefix upa-

Prefix: upa

Root: diś (class 6)

अयम् (ayam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

पुरावृत्तः (purāvṛttaḥ) - ancient tale, past event

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of purāvṛtta

purāvṛtta - ancient tale, past event, former occurrence

Compound type : tatpurusha (purā+vṛtta)

• purā – formerly, anciently, in front of
  indeclinable
• vṛtta – happened, occurred, passed, tale, event, conduct
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root vṛt- with suffix -ta
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

First person pronoun

श्रुतः (śrutaḥ) - heard

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, listened, known

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root śru (to hear)

Root: śru (class 5)