वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-8, verse-13

अनावृष्ट्यां तु वृत्तायां राजा दुःखसमन्वितः ।
ब्राह्मणाञ् श्रुतवृद्धांश्च समानीय प्रवक्ष्यति ॥१३॥

13. anāvṛṣṭyāṃ tu vṛttāyāṃ rājā duḥkhasamanvitaḥ ,
brāhmaṇāñ śrutavṛddhāṃśca samānīya pravakṣyati.

13. anāvṛṣṭyām tu vṛttāyām rājā duḥkha-samanvitaḥ
brāhmaṇān śruta-vṛddhān ca samānīya pravakṣyati

13. anāvṛṣṭyām vṛttāyām tu rājā duḥkha-samanvitaḥ
śruta-vṛddhān brāhmaṇān ca samānīya pravakṣyati

13. When a drought has occurred, the king, filled with sorrow, will assemble the Brahmins who are learned and elderly, and will address them.

Words meanings summery:

• अनावृष्ट्याम् (anāvṛṣṭyām) - in a drought, in a lack of rain

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• वृत्तायाम् (vṛttāyām) - having occurred, having happened, being present

• राजा (rājā) - the king

• दुःख-समन्वितः (duḥkha-samanvitaḥ) - afflicted with sorrow, accompanied by distress, full of grief

• ब्राह्मणान् (brāhmaṇān) - the Brahmins

• श्रुत-वृद्धान् (śruta-vṛddhān) - who are learned and elderly, aged by knowledge

• च (ca) - and

• समानीय (samānīya) - having gathered, having assembled, having brought together

• प्रवक्ष्यति (pravakṣyati) - he will say, he will speak, he will declare

Words meanings and morphology

अनावृष्ट्याम् (anāvṛṣṭyām) - in a drought, in a lack of rain

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of anāvṛṣṭi

anāvṛṣṭi - drought, lack of rain, absence of rainfall

Compound type : Nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+āvṛṣṭi)

• an – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• āvṛṣṭi – rainfall, shower
  noun (feminine)
  From ā-vṛṣ-ti
  Prefix: ā
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

वृत्तायाम् (vṛttāyām) - having occurred, having happened, being present

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, singular of vṛtta

vṛtta - occurred, happened, become, existed, past

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛt (to be, to happen)

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction with `anāvṛṣṭyām`.

राजा (rājā) - the king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

दुःख-समन्वितः (duḥkha-samanvitaḥ) - afflicted with sorrow, accompanied by distress, full of grief

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkha-samanvita

duḥkha-samanvita - accompanied by sorrow, filled with distress, afflicted with pain

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+samanvita)

• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, distress, unhappiness
  noun (neuter)
• samanvita – accompanied, endowed with, possessed of, connected with
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From sam-anu-i (to follow, to go along with)
  Prefixes: sam+anu
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agrees with `rājā`.

ब्राह्मणान् (brāhmaṇān) - the Brahmins

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - Brahmin, a member of the priestly class, relating to Brahman

Note: Object of `samānīya`.

श्रुत-वृद्धान् (śruta-vṛddhān) - who are learned and elderly, aged by knowledge

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śruta-vṛddha

śruta-vṛddha - aged by knowledge, learned and old, wise and venerable

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (śruta+vṛddha)

• śruta – heard, learned, sacred knowledge, revelation
  noun/adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root śru (to hear)
  Root: śru (class 5)
• vṛddha – old, aged, grown, increased, venerable
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root vṛdh (to grow, increase)
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `brāhmaṇān`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the adjectives modifying Brahmins.

समानीय (samānīya) - having gathered, having assembled, having brought together

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From sam-ā-nī (to bring together, to assemble) + ya (absolutive suffix for prefixed verbs)

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Indicates an action completed before the main verb `pravakṣyati`.

प्रवक्ष्यति (pravakṣyati) - he will say, he will speak, he will declare

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of pravac

Future Tense, 3rd person singular

From pra-vac + syati (future suffix)

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)