वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-8, verse-19

ते तु राज्ञो वचः श्रुत्वा व्यथिता वनताननाः ।
न गच्छेम ऋषेर्भीता अनुनेष्यन्ति तं नृपम् ॥१९॥

19. te tu rājño vacaḥ śrutvā vyathitā vanatānanāḥ ,
na gacchema ṛṣerbhītā anuneṣyanti taṃ nṛpam.

19. te tu rājñaḥ vacaḥ śrutvā vyathitāḥ vanatānanāḥ
na gacchema ṛṣeḥ bhītāḥ anuneṣyanti tam nṛpam

19. te tu rājñaḥ vacaḥ śrutvā vyathitāḥ vanatānanāḥ
ṛṣeḥ bhītāḥ na gacchema iti tam nṛpam anuneṣyanti

19. But they, having heard the king's command, became distressed and downcast. Afraid of the sage, they will entreat the king, saying, 'We should not go.'

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - The priest and counselors (they, those)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king

• वचः (vacaḥ) - the king's command (word, speech, command)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• व्यथिताः (vyathitāḥ) - distressed, troubled, agitated

• वनताननाः (vanatānanāḥ) - having downcast faces

• न (na) - not, no

• गच्छेम (gacchema) - we should go

• ऋषेः (ṛṣeḥ) - from the sage, of the sage

• भीताः (bhītāḥ) - afraid, frightened

• अनुनेष्यन्ति (anuneṣyanti) - will entreat, will conciliate, will try to persuade

• तम् (tam) - that, him

• नृपम् (nṛpam) - king

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - The priest and counselors (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the priest and counselors.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

वचः (vacaḥ) - the king's command (word, speech, command)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, voice, command

Derived from root `vac` (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root `śru` (to hear) with suffix -tvā

Root: śru (class 5)

व्यथिताः (vyathitāḥ) - distressed, troubled, agitated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vyathita

vyathita - distressed, troubled, agitated

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root `vyath` (to be agitated)

Root: vyath (class 1)

Note: Describes `te`.

वनताननाः (vanatānanāḥ) - having downcast faces

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vanatānana

vanatānana - having a bowed face, with downcast countenance

Bahuvrihi compound

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vanata+ānana)

• vanata – bowed, bent
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of root `van` (to bend)
  Root: van (class 1)
• ānana – face, mouth
  noun (neuter)
  From `ā-an` (to breathe towards)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Describes `te`.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates `gacchema`.

गच्छेम (gacchema) - we should go

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of gam

optative mood

1st person plural active voice optative mood

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Expresses a wish or command.

ऋषेः (ṛṣeḥ) - from the sage, of the sage

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer

Note: Used with `bhītāḥ` to indicate the source of fear.

भीताः (bhītāḥ) - afraid, frightened

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhīta

bhīta - afraid, frightened

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root `bhī` (to fear)

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Describes `te`.

अनुनेष्यन्ति (anuneṣyanti) - will entreat, will conciliate, will try to persuade

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, future (lṛṭ) of anu-nī

future tense

3rd person plural active voice future tense

Prefix: anu

Root: nī (class 1)

तम् (tam) - that, him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him

Note: Refers to `nṛpam`.

नृपम् (nṛpam) - king

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler

Compound of `nṛ` (man) and `pa` (protector)

Compound type : tatpurusha (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, drinker
  noun (masculine)
  From root `pā` (to protect/drink)
  Root: pā (class 1)