वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-75, verse-17

अक्षय्यं मधुहन्तारं जानामि त्वां सुरेश्वरम् ।
धनुषो ऽस्य परामर्शात् स्वस्ति ते ऽस्तु परंतप ॥१७॥

17. akṣayyaṃ madhuhantāraṃ jānāmi tvāṃ sureśvaram ,
dhanuṣo'sya parāmarśāt svasti te'stu paraṃtapa.

17. akṣayyam madhuhantāram jānāmi tvām sureśvaram
dhanuṣaḥ asya parāmarśāt svasti te astu paraṃtapa

17. paraṃtapa tvām akṣayyam madhuhantāram sureśvaram
jānāmi asya dhanuṣaḥ parāmarśāt te svasti astu

17. O scorcher of foes, I recognize you as the imperishable slayer of Madhu and the lord of the gods. May there be welfare for you due to your handling of this bow.

Words meanings summery:

• अक्षय्यम् (akṣayyam) - imperishable, inexhaustible, undecaying

• मधुहन्तारम् (madhuhantāram) - the slayer of Madhu

• जानामि (jānāmi) - I know, I recognize

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you

• सुरेश्वरम् (sureśvaram) - lord of the gods

• धनुषः (dhanuṣaḥ) - of the bow

• अस्य (asya) - of this

• परामर्शात् (parāmarśāt) - from the touch, by the handling, by the examination

• स्वस्ति (svasti) - welfare, well-being, blessing, good fortune

• ते (te) - to you, for you

• अस्तु (astu) - let it be, may it be

• परंतप (paraṁtapa) - O scorcher of foes, O tormentor of enemies

Words meanings and morphology

अक्षय्यम् (akṣayyam) - imperishable, inexhaustible, undecaying

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of akṣayya

akṣayya - imperishable, undecaying, inexhaustible, eternal

Gerundive/Potential Passive Participle

From 'a-' (negative) + root 'kṣi' (to decay, perish) + suffix '-ya'. Means 'not to be decayed/perished'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kṣayya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• kṣayya – perishable, decaying
  adjective
  Gerundive/Potential Passive Participle
  From root 'kṣi' (to decay, perish) + suffix '-ya'.
  Root: kṣi (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tvām'.

मधुहन्तारम् (madhuhantāram) - the slayer of Madhu

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of madhuhantṛ

madhuhantṛ - slayer of Madhu (a demon), epithet of Vishnu/Krishna

Agent noun

Compound of 'Madhu' (demon's name) and 'Hantṛ' (slayer, from root 'han').

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (madhu+hantṛ)

• madhu – Madhu (name of a demon); honey
  proper noun (masculine)
• hantṛ – slayer, killer, destroyer (agent noun from 'han')
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Formed from root 'han' (to strike, kill) with suffix 'tṛ'.
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'tvām'.

जानामि (jānāmi) - I know, I recognize

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of jñā

Present active indicative

Root 'jñā' belongs to 9th class (kriyādi), hence the reduplication and 'nā' infix in present tense.

Root: jñā (class 9)

त्वाम् (tvām) - you

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (2nd person pronoun)

Note: Object of 'jānāmi'.

सुरेश्वरम् (sureśvaram) - lord of the gods

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sureśvara

sureśvara - lord of the gods; epithet of Indra or other chief deity

Compound of 'sura' (god) and 'īśvara' (lord).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (sura+īśvara)

• sura – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
• īśvara – lord, master, ruler; God
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'īś' (to rule, be master of) + suffix 'vara'.
  Root: īś (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'tvām'.

धनुषः (dhanuṣaḥ) - of the bow

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow

Note: Pertains to 'parāmarśāt'.

अस्य (asya) - of this

(pronoun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Qualifies 'dhanuṣaḥ'.

परामर्शात् (parāmarśāt) - from the touch, by the handling, by the examination

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of parāmarśa

parāmarśa - touching, handling, examining, considering, referring to

From 'parā' + root 'mṛś' (to touch, reflect).

Prefix: parā

Root: mṛś (class 6)

Note: Indicates cause or reason.

स्वस्ति (svasti) - welfare, well-being, blessing, good fortune

(indeclinable)

From 'su' (good) + root 'as' (to be) + 'ti' suffix.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Used predicatively with 'astu'.

ते (te) - to you, for you

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (2nd person pronoun)

Enclitic form of the dative singular for 'yuṣmad'.

Note: Recipient of welfare.

अस्तु (astu) - let it be, may it be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present imperative (loṭ) of as

Present active imperative

From root 'as' (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

परंतप (paraṁtapa) - O scorcher of foes, O tormentor of enemies

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of paraṃtapa

paraṁtapa - scorcher of foes, tormentor of enemies (epithet of heroes)

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'one who torments his enemies'. From 'param' (enemies) and 'tapa' (causing pain, tormenting).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (para+tapa)

• para – other, enemy, supreme
  adjective
• tapa – heating, tormenting, penance
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'tap' (to heat, torment) + suffix 'a'.
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Addressed to the recipient of the speech.