वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-75, verse-14

सो ऽहं गुरुवचः कुर्वन्पृथिव्यां न वसे निशाम् ।
इति प्रतिज्ञा काकुत्स्थ कृता वै काश्यपस्य ह ॥१४॥

14. so'haṃ guruvacaḥ kurvanpṛthivyāṃ na vase niśām ,
iti pratijñā kākutstha kṛtā vai kāśyapasya ha.

14. saḥ aham guruvacaḥ kurvan pṛthivyām na vase niśām
iti pratijñā kākutstha kṛtā vai kāśyapasyā ha

14. kākutstha saḥ aham guruvacaḥ kurvan niśām pṛthivyām
na vase iti pratijñā vai kāśyapasyā ha kṛtā

14. Therefore, O Kakutstha, fulfilling my teacher's command, I do not reside on the earth at night. This vow was indeed made regarding Kaśyapa.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that, therefore

• अहम् (aham) - I

• गुरुवचः (guruvacaḥ) - the word/command of the guru (teacher)

• कुर्वन् (kurvan) - doing, performing, fulfilling

• पृथिव्याम् (pṛthivyām) - on the earth

• न (na) - not

• वसे (vase) - I dwell, I reside

• निशाम् (niśām) - at night

• इति (iti) - thus, so saying

• प्रतिज्ञा (pratijñā) - vow, promise

• काकुत्स्थ (kākutstha) - O Kakutstha (an epithet of Rama)

• कृता (kṛtā) - made, done

• वै (vai) - indeed, verily

• काश्यपस्या (kāśyapasyā) - of Kaśyapa

• ह (ha) - indeed, verily (particle)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that, therefore

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I

गुरुवचः (guruvacaḥ) - the word/command of the guru (teacher)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of guruvacas

guruvacas - teacher's word, instruction of a guru

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (guru+vacas)

• guru – teacher, preceptor, respected person
  noun (masculine)
• vacas – word, speech, saying
  noun (neuter)

कुर्वन् (kurvan) - doing, performing, fulfilling

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kurvat

kurvat - doing, performing, making

Present Active Participle

From root kṛ (to do)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

पृथिव्याम् (pṛthivyām) - on the earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of pṛthivī

pṛthivī - earth, ground

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

वसे (vase) - I dwell, I reside

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of vas

Root: vas (class 1)

निशाम् (niśām) - at night

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of niśā

niśā - night

Note: Accusative case denotes duration of time.

इति (iti) - thus, so saying

(indeclinable)

प्रतिज्ञा (pratijñā) - vow, promise

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pratijñā

pratijñā - vow, promise, agreement, assertion

Prefix: prati

Root: jñā (class 9)

काकुत्स्थ (kākutstha) - O Kakutstha (an epithet of Rama)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kākutstha

kākutstha - descendant of Kakutstha (an ancient king), an epithet for Rama

कृता (kṛtā) - made, done

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kṛta

kṛta - made, done, performed

Past Passive Participle

From root kṛ (to do)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

वै (vai) - indeed, verily

(indeclinable)

काश्यपस्या (kāśyapasyā) - of Kaśyapa

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kāśyapa

kāśyapa - Kaśyapa (name of a Vedic sage)

Note: Ending 'ā' is an archaic or poetic variation for 'asya' (genitive singular).

ह (ha) - indeed, verily (particle)

(indeclinable)